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esp-idf/examples/peripherals/sdio/README.md

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SDIO Example

Introduction

These two projects illustrate the SDIO driver (host and slave). The host example shows how to initialize a SDIO card, respond to a slave interrupt, as well as reading and writing registers and buffers. The slave is a dedicated peripheral, providing 8 interrupts, 52 8-bit R/W registers, an input FIFO and an output FIFO. The example shows how to configure the driver and use these feature.

The host first tell the slave to write the registers to a specified value, then reads and prints the value from the slave. Then tell the slave to send 8 interrupts to the host. Then the host start sending data to the slave FIFO and then reads from the slave FIFO in loops.

Wiring

The SDIO protocol requires at least 4 lines (one more line than SD memory protocol): CMD, CLK, DAT0 and DAT1. DAT1 is mandatory for the interrupt. DAT2 is required if 4-bit mode is used. DAT3 is required in 4-bit mode (connected to host), or required by the slave as mode detect in 1-bit mode (pull up). It is okay in 1-bit mode to leave DAT3 of host disconnected.

Please run wires between the slave and master to make the example function (pins are the same for the host and the slave):

Signal GPIO NUM
CLK GPIO-14
CMD GPIO-15
DAT0 GPIO-2
DAT1 GPIO-4
DAT2 GPIO-12
DAT3 GPIO-13
Ground GND

CMD and DAT0-3 lines require to be pulled up by 50KOhm resistors even in 1-bit mode. See Board Compability below for details. In 1-bit mode, the host can make use of DAT2 and DAT3, however the slave should leave them alone but pulled up.

Be aware that the example uses lines normally reserved for JTAG. If you're using a board with JTAG functions, please remember to remove jumpers connecting to the JTAG adapter. The SD peripheral works at a high frequency and uses native pins, there's no way to configure it to other pins through the GPIO matrix.

Please make sure CMD and DATA lines are pulled up by 50KOhm resistors even in 1-bit mode or SPI mode, which is required by the SD specification.

The 4-bit mode can be configured in the menuconfig. If the 4-bit mode is not used, the host will not control the DAT3 line, the slave hardware is responsible to pull-up the line (or the slave may run into the SPI mode and cause a crash).

The host uses HS mode by default. If the example does not work properly, please try connecting two boards by short wires, grounding between two boards better or disabling the HS mode in menuconfig.

Board compatibility

  1. If you're using a board (e.g. WroverKit v2 and before, PICO, DevKitC) which is not able to drive GPIO2 low on downloading, please remember to disconnect GPIO2 between two boards when downloading the application.

  2. It is suggested to use the official Wrover Kit as the slave. This is because Wrover Kits have pullups on CMD, DAT0 and DAT1. Otherwise you'll have to connect the pullups manually (or use the Wrover Kit as the host). However, due to a PCB issue, Wrover Kits v3 and earlier have pullup v.s. pulldown conflicts on DAT3 line. You'll have to:

     1. Pull up GPIO13 by resistor of 5KOhm or smaller (2KOhm suggested)
    in 4-bit mode.
 2. Pull up, or tie GPIO13 to VDD3.3 in 1-bit mode.

    To help you faster evaluate the SDIO example on devkits without pullups, you can uncomment the pullup enable flags in the initialization code of the app_main of host or slave. This enables internal weak pullups on CMD, DAT0 and DAT1 and DAT3 lines. However please don't rely on internal weak pullups in your own design.

  3. Moreover, if your slave devkit is using code flash of 3.3V, it is required to pull down DAT2 line to set proper flash voltage. This conflicts with SDIO pullup requirements. Currently devkits using PICO-D4 and Wroom-32 series modules have this problem. You can either:

     - Use Wrover Kit v3 which integrates a Wrover module
 - Still use PICO-D4 or Wroom-32 Series modules as the slave, however:
     - Don't connect the DAT2 pin and leave it floating. This means
         you have to use 1-bit mode in the host. ``SDIO_DAT2_DISABLED``
         option should be enabled in the menuconfig to avoid using of
         DAT2. Or:
     - Burn the EFUSE to force the module using 3.3V as the flash
         voltage. In this way the voltage of flash doesn't depend on MTDI
         any more, connect DAT2 to the host and make sure it is pulled up
         correctly. See document below.

See docs in the programming guide api_reference/peripherals/sdio_slave and api_reference/peripherals/sd_pullup_requirements to see more descriptions about pullups and MTDI requirements and solutions of official modules and devkits.

About esp_slave component in this example

The component in this example shows how to communicate with esp32 sdio slave correctly. However, currently it is for example purpose only.

The example shows how to talk with the slave, but doesn't show how to handle exceptions. Assertion fails if any of the preconditions (connections, grounding, slave data preparation, etc.) is not met.

Please do check and handle the return value in your real product.