kopia lustrzana https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail
245 wiersze
7.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
245 wiersze
7.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
|
|
.. _wagtailsearch_searching:
|
|
|
|
|
|
=========
|
|
Searching
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _wagtailsearch_searching_pages:
|
|
|
|
Searching QuerySets
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
Wagtail search is built on Django's `QuerySet API <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/models/querysets/>`_. You should be able to search any Django QuerySet provided the model and the fields being filtered on have been added to the search index.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Searching Pages
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
Wagtail provides a shortcut for searching pages: the ``.search()`` ``QuerySet`` method. You can call this on any ``PageQuerySet``. For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Search future EventPages
|
|
>>> from wagtail.wagtailcore.models import EventPage
|
|
>>> EventPage.objects.filter(date__gt=timezone.now()).search("Hello world!")
|
|
|
|
|
|
All other methods of ``PageQuerySet`` can be used with ``search()``. For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Search all live EventPages that are under the events index
|
|
>>> EventPage.objects.live().descendant_of(events_index).search("Event")
|
|
[<EventPage: Event 1>, <EventPage: Event 2>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The ``search()`` method will convert your ``QuerySet`` into an instance of one of Wagtail's ``SearchResults`` classes (depending on backend). This means that you must perform filtering before calling ``search()``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _wagtailsearch_images_documents_custom_models:
|
|
|
|
Searching Images, Documents and custom models
|
|
---------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Wagtail's document and image models provide a ``search`` method on their QuerySets, just as pages do:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
>>> from wagtail.wagtailimages.models import Image
|
|
|
|
>>> Image.objects.filter(uploaded_by_user=user).search("Hello")
|
|
[<Image: Hello>, <Image: Hello world!>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Custom models <wagtailsearch_indexing_models>` can be searched by using the ``search`` method on the search backend directly:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
>>> from myapp.models import Book
|
|
>>> from wagtail.wagtailsearch.backends import get_search_backend
|
|
|
|
# Search books
|
|
>>> s = get_search_backend()
|
|
>>> s.search("Great", Book)
|
|
[<Book: Great Expectations>, <Book: The Great Gatsby>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can also pass a QuerySet into the ``search`` method which allows you to add filters to your search results:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
>>> from myapp.models import Book
|
|
>>> from wagtail.wagtailsearch.backends import get_search_backend
|
|
|
|
# Search books
|
|
>>> s = get_search_backend()
|
|
>>> s.search("Great", Book.objects.filter(published_date__year__lt=1900))
|
|
[<Book: Great Expectations>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specifying the fields to search
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
By default, Wagtail will search all fields that have been indexed using ``index.SearchField``.
|
|
|
|
This can be limited to a certian set of fields using the ``fields`` keyword argument:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Search just the title field
|
|
>>> EventPage.objects.search("Event", fields=["title"])
|
|
[<EventPage: Event 1>, <EventPage: Event 2>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changing search behaviour
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
Search operator
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.2
|
|
|
|
The search operator specifies how search should behave when the user has typed in multiple search terms. There are two possible values:
|
|
|
|
- "or" - The results must match at least one term (default for Elasticsearch)
|
|
- "and" - The results must match all terms (default for database search)
|
|
|
|
Both operators have benefits and drawbacks. The "or" operator will return many more results but will likely contain a lot of results that aren't relevent. The "and" operator only returns results that contain all search terms, but require the user to be more precise with their query.
|
|
|
|
We recommend using the "or" operator when ordering by relevance and the "and" operator when ordering by anything else (note: the database backend doesn't currently support ordering by relevance).
|
|
|
|
Here's an example of using the "operator" keyword argument:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# The database contains a "Thing" model with the following items:
|
|
# - Hello world
|
|
# - Hello
|
|
# - World
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Search with the "or" operator
|
|
>>> s = get_search_backend()
|
|
>>> s.search("Hello world", Things, operator="or")
|
|
|
|
# All records returned as they all contain either "hello" or "world"
|
|
[<Thing: Hello World>, <Thing: Hello>, <Thing: World>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Search with the "and" operator
|
|
>>> s = get_search_backend()
|
|
>>> s.search("Hello world", Things, operator="and")
|
|
|
|
# Only "hello world" returned as that's the only item that contains both terms
|
|
[<Thing: Hello world>]
|
|
|
|
For page, image and document models, the ``operator`` keyword argument is also supported on the QuerySet's ``search`` method:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
>>> Page.objects.search("Hello world", operator="or")
|
|
|
|
# All pages containing either "hello" or "world" are returned
|
|
[<Page: Hello World>, <Page: Hello>, <Page: World>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Custom ordering
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.2
|
|
|
|
By default, search results are ordered by relevance, if the backend supports it. To preserve the QuerySet's existing ordering, the ``order_by_relevance`` keyword argument needs to be set to ``False`` on the ``search()`` method.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Get a list of events ordered by date
|
|
>>> EventPage.objects.order_by('date').search("Event", order_by_relevance=False)
|
|
|
|
# Events ordered by date
|
|
[<EventPage: Easter>, <EventPage: Halloween>, <EventPage: Christmas>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _wagtailsearch_frontend_views:
|
|
|
|
|
|
An example page search view
|
|
===========================
|
|
|
|
Here's an example Django view that could be used to add a "search" page to your site:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# views.py
|
|
|
|
from django.shortcuts import render
|
|
|
|
from wagtail.wagtailcore.models import Page
|
|
from wagtail.wagtailsearch.models import Query
|
|
|
|
|
|
def search(request):
|
|
# Search
|
|
search_query = request.GET.get('query', None)
|
|
if search_query:
|
|
search_results = Page.objects.live().search(search_query)
|
|
|
|
# Log the query so Wagtail can suggest promoted results
|
|
Query.get(search_query).add_hit()
|
|
else:
|
|
search_results = Page.objects.none()
|
|
|
|
# Render template
|
|
return render(request, 'search_results.html', {
|
|
'search_query': search_query,
|
|
'search_results': search_results,
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
And here's a template to go with it:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
{% extends "base.html" %}
|
|
{% load wagtailcore_tags %}
|
|
|
|
{% block title %}Search{% endblock %}
|
|
|
|
{% block content %}
|
|
<form action="{% url 'search' %}" method="get">
|
|
<input type="text" name="query" value="{{ search_query }}">
|
|
<input type="submit" value="Search">
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
{% if search_results %}
|
|
<ul>
|
|
{% for result in search_results %}
|
|
<li>
|
|
<h4><a href="{% pageurl result %}">{{ result }}</a></h4>
|
|
{% if result.search_description %}
|
|
{{ result.search_description|safe }}
|
|
{% endif %}
|
|
</li>
|
|
{% endfor %}
|
|
</ul>
|
|
{% elif search_query %}
|
|
No results found
|
|
{% else %}
|
|
Please type something into the search box
|
|
{% endif %}
|
|
{% endblock %}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Promoted search results
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
"Promoted search results" allow editors to explicitly link relevant content to search terms, so results pages can contain curated content in addition to results from the search engine.
|
|
|
|
This functionality is provided by the :mod:`~wagtail.contrib.wagtailsearchpromotions` contrib module.
|