kopia lustrzana https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail
768 wiersze
25 KiB
ReStructuredText
768 wiersze
25 KiB
ReStructuredText
============================================
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Customising ``IndexView`` - the listing view
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============================================
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For the sake of consistency, this section of the docs will refer to the listing
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view as ``IndexView``, because that is the view class that does all the heavy
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lifting.
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You can use the following attributes and methods on the ``ModelAdmin`` class to
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alter how your model data is treated and represented by the ``IndexView``.
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.. contents::
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:local:
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:depth: 1
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.. _modeladmin_list_display:
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---------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.list_display``
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---------------------------
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**Expected value**: A list or tuple, where each item is the name of a field or
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single-argument callable on your model, or a similarly simple method defined
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on the ``ModelAdmin`` class itself.
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Default value: ``('__str__',)``
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Set ``list_display`` to control which fields are displayed in the ``IndexView``
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for your model.
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You have three possible values that can be used in ``list_display``:
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- A field of the model. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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from .models import Person
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
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- The name of a custom method on your ``ModelAdmin`` class, that accepts a
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single parameter for the model instance. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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from .models import Person
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('upper_case_name',)
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def upper_case_name(self, obj):
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return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
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upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
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- The name of a method on your ``Model`` class that accepts only ``self`` as
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an argument. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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birthday = models.DateField()
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def decade_born_in(self):
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return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's"
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decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade'
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')
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A few special cases to note about ``list_display``:
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- If the field is a ``ForeignKey``, Django will display the output of
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``__str__()`` of the related object.
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- If the string provided is a method of the model or ``ModelAdmin`` class,
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Django will HTML-escape the output by default. To escape user input and
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allow your own unescaped tags, use ``format_html()``. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from django.utils.html import format_html
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
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def colored_name(self):
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return format_html(
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'<span style="color: #{};">{} {}</span>',
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self.color_code,
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self.first_name,
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self.last_name,
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)
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')
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- If the value of a field is ``None``, an empty string, or an iterable
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without elements, Wagtail will display a dash (-) for that column. You can
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override this by setting ``empty_value_display`` on your ``ModelAdmin``
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class. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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empty_value_display = 'N/A'
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...
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Or, if you'd like to change the value used depending on the field, you can
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override ``ModelAdmin``'s ``get_empty_value_display()`` method, like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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nickname = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100)
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likes_cat_gifs = models.NullBooleanField()
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('name', 'nickname', 'likes_cat_gifs')
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def get_empty_value_display(self, field_name=None):
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if field_name == 'nickname':
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return 'None given'
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if field_name == 'likes_cat_gifs':
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return 'Unanswered'
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return super().get_empty_value_display(field_name)
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The ``__str__()`` method is just as valid
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in ``list_display`` as any other model method, so it’s perfectly OK to do
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this:
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.. code-block:: python
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list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')
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By default, the ability to sort results by an item in ``list_display`` is
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only offered when it's a field that has an actual database value (because
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sorting is done at the database level). However, if the output of the
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method is representative of a database field, you can indicate this fact by
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setting the ``admin_order_field`` attribute on that method, like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from django.utils.html import format_html
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
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def colored_first_name(self):
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return format_html(
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'<span style="color: #{};">{}</span>',
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self.color_code,
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self.first_name,
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)
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colored_first_name.admin_order_field = 'first_name'
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('colored_first_name', 'last_name')
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The above will tell Wagtail to order by the ``first_name`` field when
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trying to sort by ``colored_first_name`` in the index view.
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To indicate descending order with ``admin_order_field`` you can use a
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hyphen prefix on the field name. Using the above example, this would look
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like:
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.. code-block:: python
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colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'
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``admin_order_field`` supports query lookups to sort by values on related
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models, too. This example includes an “author first name” column in the
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list display and allows sorting it by first name:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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class Blog(models.Model):
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title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
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author = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
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def author_first_name(self, obj):
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return obj.author.first_name
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author_first_name.admin_order_field = 'author__first_name'
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- Elements of ``list_display`` can also be properties. Please note however,
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that due to the way properties work in Python, setting
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``short_description`` on a property is only possible when using the
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``property()`` function and **not** with the ``@property`` decorator.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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def full_name_property(self):
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return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name
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full_name_property.short_description = "Full name of the person"
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full_name = property(full_name_property)
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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list_display = ('full_name',)
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.. _modeladmin_list_export:
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---------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.list_export``
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---------------------------
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**Expected value**: A list or tuple, where each item is the name of a field or
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single-argument callable on your model, or a similarly simple method defined
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on the ``ModelAdmin`` class itself.
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Set ``list_export`` to set the fields you wish to be exported as columns when
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downloading a spreadsheet version of your index_view
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.. code-block:: python
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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list_export = ('is_staff', 'company')
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.. _modeladmin_list_filter:
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---------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.list_filter``
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---------------------------
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**Expected value**: A list or tuple, where each item is the name of model field
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of type ``BooleanField``, ``CharField``, ``DateField``, ``DateTimeField``,
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``IntegerField`` or ``ForeignKey``.
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Set ``list_filter`` to activate filters in the right sidebar of the list page
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for your model. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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list_filter = ('is_staff', 'company')
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.. _modeladmin_export_filename:
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------------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.export_filename``
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------------------------------
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**Expected value**: A string specifying the filename of an exported spreadsheet,
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without file extensions.
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.. code-block:: python
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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export_filename = 'people_spreadsheet'
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.. _modeladmin_search_fields:
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----------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.search_fields``
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----------------------------
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**Expected value**: A list or tuple, where each item is the name of a model
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field of type ``CharField``, ``TextField``, ``RichTextField`` or
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``StreamField``.
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Set ``search_fields`` to enable a search box at the top of the index page
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for your model. You should add names of any fields on the model that should
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be searched whenever somebody submits a search query using the search box.
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Searching is handled via Django's QuerySet API by default,
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see `ModelAdmin.search_handler_class`_ about changing this behaviour.
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This means by default it will work for all models, whatever search backend
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your project is using, and without any additional setup or configuration.
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.. _modeladmin_search_handler_class:
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-----------------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.search_handler_class``
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-----------------------------------
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**Expected value**: A subclass of
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``wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.helpers.search.BaseSearchHandler``
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The default value is ``DjangoORMSearchHandler``, which uses the Django ORM to
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perform lookups on the fields specified by ``search_fields``.
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If you would prefer to use the built-in Wagtail search backend to search your
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models, you can use the ``WagtailBackendSearchHandler`` class instead. For
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example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.helpers import WagtailBackendSearchHandler
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from .models import Person
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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search_handler_class = WagtailBackendSearchHandler
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Extra considerations when using ``WagtailBackendSearchHandler``
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===============================================================
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``ModelAdmin.search_fields`` is used differently
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------------------------------------------------
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The value of ``search_fields`` is passed to the underlying search backend to
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limit the fields used when matching. Each item in the list must be indexed
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on your model using :ref:`wagtailsearch_index_searchfield`.
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To allow matching on **any** indexed field, set the ``search_fields`` attribute
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on your ``ModelAdmin`` class to ``None``, or remove it completely.
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Indexing extra fields using ``index.FilterField``
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-------------------------------------------------
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The underlying search backend must be able to interpret all of the fields and
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relationships used in the queryset created by ``IndexView``, including those
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used in ``prefetch()`` or ``select_related()`` queryset methods, or used in
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``list_display``, ``list_filter`` or ``ordering``.
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Be sure to test things thoroughly in a development environment (ideally
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using the same search backend as you use in production). Wagtail will raise
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an ``IndexError`` if the backend encounters something it does not understand,
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and will tell you what you need to change.
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.. _modeladmin_extra_search_kwargs:
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----------------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.extra_search_kwargs``
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----------------------------------
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**Expected value**: A dictionary of keyword arguments that will be passed on to the ``search()`` method of
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``search_handler_class``.
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For example, to override the ``WagtailBackendSearchHandler`` default operator you could do the following:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.helpers import WagtailBackendSearchHandler
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from wagtail.search.utils import OR
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from .models import IndexedModel
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class DemoAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = IndexedModel
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search_handler_class = WagtailBackendSearchHandler
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extra_search_kwargs = {'operator': OR}
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.. _modeladmin_ordering:
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---------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.ordering``
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---------------------------
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**Expected value**: A list or tuple in the same format as a model’s
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:attr:`~django.db.models.Options.ordering` parameter.
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Set ``ordering`` to specify the default ordering of objects when listed by
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IndexView. If not provided, the model’s default ordering will be respected.
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If you need to specify a dynamic order (for example, depending on user or
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language) you can override the ``get_ordering()`` method instead.
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.. _modeladmin_list_per_page:
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----------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.list_per_page``
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----------------------------
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**Expected value**: A positive integer
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Set ``list_per_page`` to control how many items appear on each paginated page
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of the index view. By default, this is set to ``100``.
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.. _modeladmin_get_queryset:
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-----------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.get_queryset()``
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-----------------------------
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**Must return**: A QuerySet
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The ``get_queryset`` method returns the 'base' QuerySet for your model, to
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which any filters and search queries are applied. By default, the ``all()``
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method of your model's default manager is used. But, if for any reason you
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only want a certain sub-set of objects to appear in the IndexView listing,
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overriding the ``get_queryset`` method on your ``ModelAdmin`` class can help
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you with that. The method takes an ``HttpRequest`` object as a parameter, so
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limiting objects by the current logged-in user is possible.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.db import models
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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class Person(models.Model):
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first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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managed_by = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
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class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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model = Person
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list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
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def get_queryset(self, request):
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qs = super().get_queryset(request)
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# Only show people managed by the current user
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return qs.filter(managed_by=request.user)
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.. _modeladmin_get_extra_attrs_for_row:
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----------------------------------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.get_extra_attrs_for_row()``
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----------------------------------------------------
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**Must return**: A dictionary
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The ``get_extra_attrs_for_row`` method allows you to add html attributes to
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the opening ``<tr>`` tag for each result, in addition to the ``data-object_pk`` and
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``class`` attributes already added by the ``result_row_display`` template tag.
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If you want to add additional CSS classes, simply provide those class names
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as a string value using the ``'class'`` key, and the ``odd``/``even`` will be appended
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to your custom class names when rendering.
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For example, if you wanted to add some additional class names based on field
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values, you could do something like:
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|
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.. code-block:: python
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|
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from decimal import Decimal
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from django.db import models
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from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
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|
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class BankAccount(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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account_number = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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balance = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, num_places=2)
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class BankAccountAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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list_display = ('name', 'account_number', 'balance')
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def get_extra_attrs_for_row(self, obj, context):
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if obj.balance < Decimal('0.00'):
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classname = 'balance-negative'
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else:
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classname = 'balance-positive'
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return {
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'class': classname,
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}
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.. _modeladmin_get_extra_class_names_for_field_col:
|
||
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----------------------------------------------------
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``ModelAdmin.get_extra_class_names_for_field_col()``
|
||
----------------------------------------------------
|
||
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**Must return**: A list
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The ``get_extra_class_names_for_field_col`` method allows you to add additional
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CSS class names to any of the columns defined by ``list_display`` for your
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model. The method takes two parameters:
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||
|
||
- ``obj``: the object being represented by the current row
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||
- ``field_name``: the item from ``list_display`` being represented by the
|
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current column
|
||
|
||
For example, if you'd like to apply some conditional formatting to a cell
|
||
depending on the row's value, you could do something like:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: python
|
||
|
||
from decimal import Decimal
|
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from django.db import models
|
||
from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
|
||
|
||
class BankAccount(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
account_number = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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||
balance = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, num_places=2)
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||
|
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|
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class BankAccountAdmin(ModelAdmin):
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list_display = ('name', 'account_number', 'balance')
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def get_extra_class_names_for_field_col(self, obj, field_name):
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if field_name == 'balance':
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if obj.balance <= Decimal('-100.00'):
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return ['brand-danger']
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||
elif obj.balance <= Decimal('-0.00'):
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||
return ['brand-warning']
|
||
elif obj.balance <= Decimal('50.00'):
|
||
return ['brand-info']
|
||
else:
|
||
return ['brand-success']
|
||
return []
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_get_extra_attrs_for_field_col:
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.get_extra_attrs_for_field_col()``
|
||
----------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Must return**: A dictionary
|
||
|
||
The ``get_extra_attrs_for_field_col`` method allows you to add additional HTML
|
||
attributes to any of the columns defined in ``list_display``. Like the
|
||
``get_extra_class_names_for_field_col`` method above, this method takes two
|
||
parameters:
|
||
|
||
- ``obj``: the object being represented by the current row
|
||
- ``field_name``: the item from ``list_display`` being represented by the
|
||
current column
|
||
|
||
For example, you might like to add some tooltip text to a certain column, to
|
||
help give the value more context:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: python
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
|
||
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
|
||
likes_cat_gifs = models.NullBooleanField()
|
||
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(ModelAdmin):
|
||
model = Person
|
||
list_display = ('name', 'likes_cat_gifs')
|
||
|
||
def get_extra_attrs_for_field_col(self, obj, field_name=None):
|
||
attrs = super().get_extra_attrs_for_field_col(obj, field_name)
|
||
if field_name == 'likes_cat_gifs' and obj.likes_cat_gifs is None:
|
||
attrs.update({
|
||
'title': (
|
||
'The person was shown several cat gifs, but failed to '
|
||
'indicate a preference.'
|
||
),
|
||
})
|
||
return attrs
|
||
|
||
|
||
Or you might like to add one or more data attributes to help implement some
|
||
kind of interactivity using JavaScript:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: python
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
|
||
|
||
|
||
class Event(models.Model):
|
||
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
|
||
start_date = models.DateField()
|
||
end_date = models.DateField()
|
||
start_time = models.TimeField()
|
||
end_time = models.TimeField()
|
||
|
||
|
||
class EventAdmin(ModelAdmin):
|
||
model = Event
|
||
list_display = ('title', 'start_date', 'end_date')
|
||
|
||
def get_extra_attrs_for_field_col(self, obj, field_name=None):
|
||
attrs = super().get_extra_attrs_for_field_col(obj, field_name)
|
||
if field_name == 'start_date':
|
||
# Add the start time as data to the 'start_date' cell
|
||
attrs.update({ 'data-time': obj.start_time.strftime('%H:%M') })
|
||
elif field_name == 'end_date':
|
||
# Add the end time as data to the 'end_date' cell
|
||
attrs.update({ 'data-time': obj.end_time.strftime('%H:%M') })
|
||
return attrs
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_thumbnailmixin:
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------
|
||
``wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.mixins.ThumbnailMixin``
|
||
----------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
If you're using ``wagtailimages.Image`` to define an image for each item in
|
||
your model, ``ThumbnailMixin`` can help you add thumbnail versions of that
|
||
image to each row in ``IndexView``. To use it, simply extend ``ThumbnailMixin``
|
||
as well as ``ModelAdmin`` when defining your ``ModelAdmin`` class, and
|
||
change a few attributes to change the thumbnail to your liking, like so:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: python
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.mixins import ThumbnailMixin
|
||
from wagtail.contrib.modeladmin.options import ModelAdmin
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
|
||
avatar = models.ForeignKey('wagtailimages.Image', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
|
||
likes_cat_gifs = models.NullBooleanField()
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(ThumbnailMixin, ModelAdmin):
|
||
|
||
# Add 'admin_thumb' to list_display, where you want the thumbnail to appear
|
||
list_display = ('admin_thumb', 'name', 'likes_cat_gifs')
|
||
|
||
# Optionally tell IndexView to add buttons to a different column (if the
|
||
# first column contains the thumbnail, the buttons are likely better off
|
||
# displayed elsewhere)
|
||
list_display_add_buttons = 'name'
|
||
|
||
"""
|
||
Set 'thumb_image_field_name' to the name of the ForeignKey field that
|
||
links to 'wagtailimages.Image'
|
||
"""
|
||
thumb_image_field_name = 'avatar'
|
||
|
||
# Optionally override the filter spec used to create each thumb
|
||
thumb_image_filter_spec = 'fill-100x100' # this is the default
|
||
|
||
# Optionally override the 'width' attribute value added to each `<img>` tag
|
||
thumb_image_width = 50 # this is the default
|
||
|
||
# Optionally override the class name added to each `<img>` tag
|
||
thumb_classname = 'admin-thumb' # this is the default
|
||
|
||
# Optionally override the text that appears in the column header
|
||
thumb_col_header_text = 'image' # this is the default
|
||
|
||
# Optionally specify a fallback image to be used when the object doesn't
|
||
# have an image set, or the image has been deleted. It can an image from
|
||
# your static files folder, or an external URL.
|
||
thumb_default = 'https://lorempixel.com/100/100'
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_list_display_add_buttons:
|
||
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.list_display_add_buttons``
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Expected value**: A string matching one of the items in ``list_display``.
|
||
|
||
If for any reason you'd like to change which column the action buttons appear
|
||
in for each row, you can specify a different column using
|
||
``list_display_add_buttons`` on your ``ModelAdmin`` class. The value must
|
||
match one of the items your class's ``list_display`` attribute. By default,
|
||
buttons are added to the first column of each row.
|
||
|
||
See the ``ThumbnailMixin`` example above to see how
|
||
``list_display_add_buttons`` can be used.
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_index_view_extra_css:
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.index_view_extra_css``
|
||
-----------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Expected value**: A list of path names of additional stylesheets to be added
|
||
to the ``IndexView``
|
||
|
||
See the following part of the docs to find out more:
|
||
:ref:`modeladmin_adding_css_and_js`
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_index_view_extra_js:
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.index_view_extra_js``
|
||
-----------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Expected value**: A list of path names of additional js files to be added
|
||
to the ``IndexView``
|
||
|
||
See the following part of the docs to find out more:
|
||
:ref:`modeladmin_adding_css_and_js`
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_index_template_name:
|
||
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.index_template_name``
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Expected value**: The path to a custom template to use for ``IndexView``
|
||
|
||
See the following part of the docs to find out more:
|
||
:ref:`modeladmin_overriding_templates`
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin_index_view_class:
|
||
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
``ModelAdmin.index_view_class``
|
||
---------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
**Expected value**: A custom ``view`` class to replace
|
||
``modeladmin.views.IndexView``
|
||
|
||
See the following part of the docs to find out more:
|
||
:ref:`modeladmin_overriding_views`
|