kopia lustrzana https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail
Improvements to internationalisation docs
Karl Hobley
rodzic
a57b432078
commit
ee61839fd5
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===========================================================
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Creating a multilingual site (by duplicating the page tree)
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===========================================================
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This tutorial will show you a method of creating multilingual sites in Wagtail by duplicating the page tree.
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For example::
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/
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en/
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about/
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contact/
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fr/
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about/
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contact/
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The root page
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=============
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The root page (``/``) should detect the browsers language and forward them to the correct language homepage (``/en/``, ``/fr/``). This page should sit at the site root (where the homepage would normally be).
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We must set Django's ``LANGUAGES`` setting so we don't redirect non English/French users to pages that don't exist.
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.. code-block:: python
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# settings.py
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LANGUAGES = (
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('en', _("English")),
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('fr', _("French")),
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)
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# models.py
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from django.utils import translation
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from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
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from wagtail.wagtailcore.models import Page
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class LanguageRedirectionPage(Page):
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def serve(self, request):
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# This will only return a language that is in the LANGUAGES Django setting
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language = translation.get_language_from_request(request)
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return HttpResponseRedirect(self.url + language + '/')
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Linking pages together
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======================
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It may be useful to link different versions of the same page together to allow the user to easily switch between languages. But we don't want to increase the burden on the editor too much so ideally, editors should only need to link one of the pages to the other versions and the links between the other versions should be created implicitly.
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As this behaviour needs to be added to all page types that would be translated, its best to put this behaviour in a mixin.
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Here's an example of how this could be implemented (with English as the main language and French/Spanish as alternative languages):
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.. code-block:: python
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class TranslatablePageMixin(models.Model):
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# One link for each alternative language
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# These should only be used on the main language page (english)
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french_link = models.ForeignKey(Page, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, related_name='+')
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spanish_link = models.ForeignKey(Page, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, related_name='+')
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def get_language(self):
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"""
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This returns the language code for this page.
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"""
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# Look through ancestors of this page for its language homepage
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# The language homepage is located at depth 3
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language_homepage = self.get_ancestors(inclusive=True).get(depth=3)
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# The slug of language homepages should always be set to the language code
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return language_homepage.slug
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# Method to find the main language version of this page
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# This works by reversing the above links
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def english_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the english version of this page
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"""
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language = self.get_language()
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if language == 'en':
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return self
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elif language == 'fr':
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return type(self).objects.filter(french_link=self).first().specific
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elif language == 'es':
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return type(self).objects.filter(spanish_link=self).first().specific
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# We need a method to find a version of this page for each alternative language.
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# These all work the same way. They firstly find the main version of the page
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# (english), then from there they can just follow the link to the correct page.
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def french_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the french version of this page
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"""
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english_page = self.english_page()
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if english_page and english_page.french_link:
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return english_page.french_link.specific
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def spanish_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the spanish version of this page
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"""
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english_page = self.english_page()
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if english_page and english_page.spanish_link:
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return english_page.spanish_link.specific
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class Meta:
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abstract = True
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class AboutPage(Page, TranslatablePageMixin):
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...
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class ContactPage(Page, TranslatablePageMixin):
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...
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You can make use of these methods in your template by doing:
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.. code-block:: django
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{% if self.english_page and self.get_language != 'en' %}
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<a href="{{ self.english_page.url }}">{% trans "View in English" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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{% if self.french_page and self.get_language != 'fr' %}
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<a href="{{ self.french_page.url }}">{% trans "View in French" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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{% if self.spanish_page and self.get_language != 'es' %}
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<a href="{{ self.spanish_page.url }}">{% trans "View in Spanish" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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@ -1,146 +1,210 @@
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===========================
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Creating multilingual sites
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===========================
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====================
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Internationalisation
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====================
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This tutorial will show you a method of creating multilingual sites in Wagtail.
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This document describes the internationalisation features of Wagtail and how to create multi-lingual sites.
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Currently, Wagtail doesn't support multiple languages in the same page. The recommended way of creating multilingual websites in Wagtail at the moment is to create one section of your website for each language.
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For example::
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/
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en/
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about/
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contact/
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fr/
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about/
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contact/
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Wagtail uses Django's `Internationalisation framework <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/>`_ so most of the steps are the same as other Django projects.
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The root page
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=============
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.. contents::
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The root page (``/``) should detect the browsers language and forward them to the correct language homepage (``/en/``, ``/fr/``). This page should sit at the site root (where the homepage would normally be).
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We must set Django's ``LANGUAGES`` setting so we don't redirect non English/French users to pages that don't exist.
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Wagtail admin translations
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==========================
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The Wagtail admin backend has been translated into many different languages. You can find a list of currently available translations on Wagtails `Transifex page <https://www.transifex.com/torchbox/wagtail/>`_. (Note: if you're using an old version of Wagtail, this page may not accurately reflect what languages you have available).
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If your language isn't listed on that page, you can easily contribute new languages or correct mistakes. Sign up and submit changes to `Transifex <https://www.transifex.com/torchbox/wagtail/>`_. Translation updates are typically merged into an official release within one month of being submitted.
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Changing the primary language of your Wagtail installation
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==========================================================
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The default language of Wagtail is ``en-us`` (American English). You can change this by tweaking a couple of Django settings:
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- Make sure `USE_I18N <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#use-i18n>`_ is set to ``True``
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- Set `LANGUAGE_CODE <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#std:setting-LANGUAGE_CODE>`_ to your websites' primary language
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If there is a translation available for your language, the Wagtail admin backend should now be in the language you've chosen.
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Creating sites with multiple languages
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======================================
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You can create sites with multiple language support by levaraging Django's `translation features <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/translation/>`_.
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This section of the documentation will show you how to use Django's translation features with Wagtail and also describe a couple of methods for storing/retrieving translated content using Wagtail pages.
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Enabling multiple language support
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----------------------------------
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Firstly, make sure the `USE_I18N <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#use-i18n>`_ Django setting is set to ``True``.
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To enable multi-language support, add ``django.middleware.i18n.LocaleMiddleware`` to your ``MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES``:
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.. code-block:: python
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# settings.py
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LANGUAGES = (
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('en', _("English")),
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('fr', _("French")),
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MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
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...
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'django.middleware.i18n.LocaleMiddleware',
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)
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# models.py
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from django.utils import translation
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from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
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from wagtail.wagtailcore.models import Page
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This middleware class looks at the users browser language and sets the `language of the site accordingly <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/translation/#how-django-discovers-language-preference>`_.
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class LanguageRedirectionPage(Page):
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Serving different languages from different URLs
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-----------------------------------------------
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def serve(self, request):
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# This will only return a language that is in the LANGUAGES Django setting
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language = translation.get_language_from_request(request)
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The above will make Django switch to the language that the users browser is set to.
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return HttpResponseRedirect(self.url + language + '/')
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This has a couple of shortcomings:
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- You can't switch language without changing your browser settings
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- It may not work well with various caching setups (as content varies based on browser settings)
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Linking pages together
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======================
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It may be useful to link different versions of the same page together to allow the user to easily switch between languages. But we don't want to increase the burden on the editor too much so ideally, editors should only need to link one of the pages to the other versions and the links between the other versions should be created implicitly.
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As this behaviour needs to be added to all page types that would be translated, its best to put this behaviour in a mixin.
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Here's an example of how this could be implemented (with English as the main language and French/Spanish as alternative languages):
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If you need any of these, you can use Djangos ``i18n_patterns`` in your ``urls.py`` which puts the language code at the beginning of each URL (eg ``/en/about-us``):
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.. code-block:: python
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class TranslatablePageMixin(models.Model):
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# One link for each alternative language
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# These should only be used on the main language page (english)
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french_link = models.ForeignKey(Page, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, related_name='+')
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spanish_link = models.ForeignKey(Page, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, related_name='+')
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# mysite/urls.py
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def get_language(self):
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"""
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This returns the language code for this page.
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"""
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# Look through ancestors of this page for its language homepage
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# The language homepage is located at depth 3
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language_homepage = self.get_ancestors(inclusive=True).get(depth=3)
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from django.conf.urls import include, url
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from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.contrib import admin
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# The slug of language homepages should always be set to the language code
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return language_homepage.slug
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from wagtail.wagtailadmin import urls as wagtailadmin_urls
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from wagtail.wagtaildocs import urls as wagtaildocs_urls
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from wagtail.wagtailcore import urls as wagtail_urls
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# Method to find the main language version of this page
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# This works by reversing the above links
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urlpatterns = [
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url(r'^django-admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
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def english_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the english version of this page
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"""
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language = self.get_language()
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if language == 'en':
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return self
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elif language == 'fr':
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return type(self).objects.filter(french_link=self).first().specific
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elif language == 'es':
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return type(self).objects.filter(spanish_link=self).first().specific
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url(r'^admin/', include(wagtailadmin_urls)),
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url(r'^documents/', include(wagtaildocs_urls)),
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]
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# We need a method to find a version of this page for each alternative language.
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# These all work the same way. They firstly find the main version of the page
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# (english), then from there they can just follow the link to the correct page.
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urlpatterns += i18n_patterns('',
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# These URLs will have /<language_code>/ appended to the beginning
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def french_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the french version of this page
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"""
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english_page = self.english_page()
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url(r'^search/$', 'search.views.search', name='search'),
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if english_page and english_page.french_link:
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return english_page.french_link.specific
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url(r'', include(wagtail_urls)),
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)
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def spanish_page(self):
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"""
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This finds the spanish version of this page
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"""
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english_page = self.english_page()
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if english_page and english_page.spanish_link:
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return english_page.spanish_link.specific
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class Meta:
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abstract = True
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You can implement switching between languages by changing the part at the beginning of the URL. As each language has it's own URL, it also works well with just about any caching setup.
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class AboutPage(Page, TranslatablePageMixin):
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Translating templates
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---------------------
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Static text in templates needs to be marked up in a way that allows Djangos ``makemessages`` command to find and export the strings for translators and also allow them to switch to translated versions on the fly.
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As Wagtail uses Djangos templates, inserting this markup and the workflow for exporting and translating the strings is the same as any other Django project.
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See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/translation/#internationalization-in-template-code
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Translating content
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-------------------
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The most common approach for translating content in Wagtail to duplicate each translatable text field, providing a seprate field for each language.
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This section will descibe how to implement this method manually but there is a third party module you can use, `wagtail modeltranslation <https://github.com/infoportugal/wagtail-modeltranslation>`_, which may be quicker if it meets your needs.
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**Duplicating the fields in your model**
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Each text field in your Page model can be duplicated and suffixed with the language of that field:
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.. code-block:: python
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class BlogPage(Page):
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frontend_title_en = models.CharField(max_length=255)
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frontend_title_fr = models.CharField(max_length=255)
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body_en = StreamField(...)
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body_fr = StreamField(...)
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# Language-independent fields don't need to be duplicated
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thumbnail_image = models.ForeignKey('wagtailimages.image', ...)
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.. note::
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We define a separate ``frontend_title`` field here instead of using Wagtails builtin ``title`` field. This is because we can't change the name of the builtin field, or add an "fr" version to the base ``Page`` model.
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**Organising the fields in the admin interface**
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You can either put all the fields with their translations next to each other on the "content" tab or put the translations for other languages on different tabs. See :ref:`customising_the_tabbed_interface` for information on how to do that.
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**Accessing the fields from the template**
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In order for the translations to be shown on the site frontend, the correct field needs to be used in the template based on what language the client has selected.
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Having to add language checks every time you display a field in a template, could make your templates very messy. Here's a little trick that will allow you to implement this while keeping your templates and model code clean.
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You can use a snippet like the following to add accessor fields on to your page model. These accessor fields will point at the field that contains the language the user has selected.
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Copy this into your project and make sure it's imported in any ``models.py`` files that contain a ``Page`` with translated fields. It will require some modification to support different languages.
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.utils import translation
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class TranslatedField(object):
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def __init__(self, en_field, fr_field):
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self.en_field = en_field
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self.fr_field = fr_field
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def __get__(self, instance, owner):
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en = getattr(instance, self.en_field)
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fr = getattr(instance, self.fr_field)
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if translation.get_language() == 'fr':
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return fr
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else:
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return en
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Then, for each translated field, create an instance of ``TranslatedField`` with a nice name (as this is the name your templates will reference).
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For example, here's how we would apply this to the above ``BlogPage`` model:
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.. code-block:: python
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class BlogPage(Page):
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...
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class ContactPage(Page, TranslatablePageMixin):
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...
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frontend_title = TranslatedField(
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'frontend_title_en',
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'frontend_title_fr',
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)
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body = TranslatedField(
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'body_en',
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'body_fr',
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)
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You can make use of these methods in your template by doing:
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Finally, in the template, reference the accessors instead of the underlying database fields:
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.. code-block:: django
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.. code-block:: html+Django
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{% if self.english_page and self.get_language != 'en' %}
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<a href="{{ self.english_page.url }}">{% trans "View in English" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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{{ self.frontend_title }}
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{% if self.french_page and self.get_language != 'fr' %}
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<a href="{{ self.french_page.url }}">{% trans "View in French" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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{{ self.body }}
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{% if self.spanish_page and self.get_language != 'es' %}
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<a href="{{ self.spanish_page.url }}">{% trans "View in Spanish" %}</a>
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{% endif %}
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Other approaches
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----------------
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.. toctree::
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duplicate_tree
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Ładowanie…
Reference in New Issue