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<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
<B><A HREF="sane.7.html">sane(7)</A></B> SANE Scanner Access Now Easy <B><A HREF="sane.7.html">sane(7)</A></B>
</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
<B>SANE</B> is an application programming interface (API) that
provides standardized access to any raster image scanner
hardware. The standardized interface makes it possible to
write just one driver for each scanner device instead of
one driver for each scanner and application.
While <B>SANE</B> is primarily targeted at a UNIX environment,
the standard has been carefully designed to make it possi­
ble to implement the API on virtually any hardware or
operating system.
This manual page provides a summary of the information
available about <B>SANE</B>.
If you have trouble getting your scanner detected, read
the PROBLEMS section.
</PRE>
<H2>TERMINOLOGY</H2><PRE>
An application that uses the <B>SANE</B> interface is called a
<B>SANE</B> <B>frontend.</B> A driver that implements the <B>SANE</B> inter­
face is called a <B>SANE</B> <B>backend.</B> A <B>meta</B> <B>backend</B> provides
some means to manage one or more other backends.
</PRE>
<H2>SOFTWARE PACKAGES</H2><PRE>
The package `<B>sane-backends</B>' contains a lot of backends,
documentation (including the <B>SANE</B> standard), networking
support, and the command line frontend `<B>scanimage</B>'. The
frontends `<B>xscanimage</B>', `<B>xcam</B>', and `<B>scanadf</B>' are included
in the package `<B>sane-frontends</B>'. Both packages can be
downloaded from the <B>SANE</B> homepage (<I>http://www.sane-pro­</I>
<I>ject.org/</I>). Information about other frontends and back­
ends can be found on the frontend page
(<I>http://www.sane-project.org/sane-frontends.html</I>).
</PRE>
<H2>GENERAL INFORMATION</H2><PRE>
The following sections provide short descriptions and
links to more information about several aspects of <B>SANE.</B>
A name with a number in parenthesis (e.g. `<B>sane-dll(5)</B>')
points to a manual page. In this case `<B>man</B> <B>5</B> <B>sane-dll</B>'
will display the page. Entries like
`<I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/sane.tex</I>' are references to text
files that were copied to the <B>SANE</B> documentation directory
(<I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/</I>) during installation. Every­
thing else is a URL to a resource on the web.
your system at /usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/.
<B>SANE</B> <B>mailing</B> <B>list</B>
There is a mailing list for the purpose of discussing
the SANE standard and its implementations: sane-devel.
Despite its name, the list is not only intended for
developers, but also for users. Since this is currently
the only mailing list devoted to SANE, it's perfectly OK
to ask questions that are not strictly related to SANE
development. How to subscribe and unsubscribe:
<I>http://www.sane-project.org/mailing-lists.html</I>.
<B>SANE</B> <B>IRC</B> <B>channel</B>
The IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channel #sane can be found
on the Freenode network (irc.freenode.net). It's for
discussing <B>SANE</B> problems, talking about development and
general <B>SANE</B> related chatting. Before asking for help,
please read the other documentation mentioned in this
manual page.
<B>Compiling</B> <B>and</B> <B>installing</B> <B>SANE</B>
Look at <I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/README</I> and the os-
dependent README files for information about compiling
and installing <B>SANE.</B>
<B>SCSI</B> <B>configuration</B>
For information about various systems and SCSI con­
trollers see <B>sane-scsi(5)</B>.
<B>USB</B> <B>configuration</B>
For information about USB configuration see <B>sane-usb(5)</B>.
</PRE>
<H2>FRONTENDS AND MISCELLANEOUS PROGRAMS</H2><PRE>
<B>scanimage</B>
Command-line frontend. See <B>scanimage(1)</B>.
<B>saned</B>
<B>SANE</B> network daemon that allows remote clients to access
image acquisition devices available on the local host.
See <B>saned(8)</B>.
<B>sane-find-scanner</B>
Command-line tool to find SCSI and USB scanners and
determine their Unix device files. See <B>sane-find-scan­</B>
<B>ner(1)</B>.
Also, have a look at the <B>sane-frontends</B> package (including
<B>xscanimage</B>, <B>xcam</B>, and <B>scanadf</B>) and the frontend informa­
tion page at <I>http://www.sane-project.org/sane-fron­</I>
<I>tends.html</I>.
The SANE backend for Apple flatbed scanners supports the
following scanners: AppleScanner, OneScanner and Col­
orOneScanner. See <B>sane-apple(5)</B> for details.
<B>artec</B>
The SANE Artec backend supports several Artec/Ultima
SCSI flatbed scanners as well as the BlackWidow BW4800SP
and the Plustek 19200S. See <B>sane-artec(5)</B> for details.
<B>artec_eplus48u</B>
The SANE artec_eplus48u backend supports the scanner
Artec E+ 48U and re-badged models like Tevion MD 9693,
Medion MD 9693, Medion MD 9705 and Trust Easy Webscan
19200. See <B>sane-artec_eplus48u(5)</B> for details.
<B>as6e</B>
This is a SANE backend for using the Artec AS6E parallel
port interface scanner. See <B>sane-as6e(5)</B> for details.
<B>avision</B>
This backend supports several Avision based scanners.
This includes the original Avision scanners (like AV
630, AV 620, ...) as well as the HP ScanJet 53xx and
74xx series, Fujitsu ScanPartner, some Mitsubishi and
Minolta film-scanners. See <B>sane-avision(5)</B> for details.
<B>bh</B>
The bh backend provides access to Bell+Howell Copiscan
II series document scanners. See <B>sane-bh(5)</B> for details.
<B>canon</B>
The canon backend supports the CanoScan 300, CanoScan
600, and CanoScan 2700F SCSI flatbed scanners. See
<B>sane-canon(5)</B> for details.
<B>canon630u</B>
The canon630u backend supports the CanoScan 630u and
636u USB scanners. See <B>sane-canon630u(5)</B> for details.
<B>canon_pp</B>
The canon_pp backend supports the CanoScan FB330P,
FB630P, N340P and N640P parallel port scanners. See
<B>sane-canon_pp(5)</B> for details.
<B>coolscan</B>
This is a SANE backend for Nikon Coolscan film-scanners.
See <B>sane-coolscan(5)</B> for details.
<B>coolscan2</B>
This is a SANE backend for Nikon Coolscan film-scanners.
See <B>sane-coolscan2(5)</B> or <I>http://coolscan2.source­</I>
<I>forge.net</I> for details.
Artec Ultima 2000 and several Mustek BearPaw CU and TA
models. Some Genius, Lexmark, Medion, Packard Bell,
Plustek, and Trust scanners are also supported. See
<B>sane-gt68xx(5)</B> for details.
<B>hp</B>
The SANE hp backend provides access to Hewlett-Packard
ScanJet scanners which support SCL (Scanner Control Lan­
guage by HP). See <B>sane-hp(5)</B> for details.
<B>hpsj5s</B>
The SANE backend for the Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 5S
scanner. See <B>sane-hpsj5s(5)</B> for details.
<B>hp5400</B>
The SANE backend for the Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 54XXC
series. See <B>sane-hp5400(5)</B> for details.
<B>ibm</B>
The SANE backend for some IBM and Ricoh SCSI scanners.
See <B>sane-ibm(5)</B> for details.
<B>leo</B>
This backend supports the Leo S3 and the Across FS-1130,
which is a re-badged LEO FS-1130 scanner. See
<B>sane-leo(5)</B> for details.
<B>ma1509</B>
The ma1509 backend supports the Mustek BearPaw 1200F USB
flatbed scanner. See <B>sane-ma1509(5)</B> for details.
<B>matsushita</B>
This backend supports some Panasonic KVSS high speed
scanners. See <B>sane-matsushita(5)</B> for details.
<B>microtek</B>
The microtek backend provides access to the "second gen­
eration" Microtek scanners with SCSI-1 command set. See
<B>sane-microtek(5)</B> for details.
<B>microtek2</B>
The microtek2 backend provides access to some Microtek
scanners with a SCSI-2 command set. See
<B>sane-microtek2(5)</B> for details.
<B>mustek</B>
The SANE mustek backend supports most Mustek SCSI
flatbed scanners including the Paragon and ScanExpress
series and the 600 II N and 600 II EP (non-SCSI). Some
Trust scanners are also supported. See <B>sane-mustek(5)</B>
for details.
<B>niash</B>
The niash backend supports the Agfa Snapscan Touch and
the HP ScanJet 3300c, 3400c, and 4300c USB flatbed scan­
ners. See <B>sane-niash(5)</B> for details.
<B>pie</B>
The pie backend provides access to Pacific Image Elec­
tronics (PIE) and Devcom SCSI flatbed scanners. See
<B>sane-pie(5)</B> for details.
<B>plustek</B>
The SANE plustek backend supports USB flatbed scanners
that use the National Semiconductor LM983[1/2/3]-chipset
aka Merlin. Scanners using this LM983x chips include
some models from Plustek, KYE/Genius, Hewlett-Packard,
Mustek, Umax, Epson, and Canon. See <B>sane-plustek(5)</B> for
details.
<B>plustek_pp</B>
The SANE plustek_pp backend supports Plustek parallel
port flatbed scanners. Scanners using the Plustek ASIC
P96001, P96003, P98001 and P98003 include some models
from Plustek, KYE/Genius, Primax. See <B>sane-plustek_pp(5)</B>
for details.
<B>ricoh</B>
The ricoh backend provides access to the following Ricoh
flatbed scanners: IS50 and IS60. See <B>sane-ricoh(5)</B> for
details.
<B>s9036</B>
The s9036 backend provides access to Siemens 9036
flatbed scanners. See <B>sane-s9036(5)</B> for details.
<B>sceptre</B>
The sceptre backend provides access to the Sceptre S1200
flatbed scanner. See <B>sane-sceptre(5)</B>
for details.
<B>sharp</B>
The SANE sharp backend supports Sharp SCSI scanners. See
<B>sane-sharp(5)</B> for details.
<B>sm3600</B>
The SANE sm3600 backend supports the Microtek ScanMaker
3600 USB scanner. See <B>sane-sm3600(5)</B> for details.
<B>snapscan</B>
The snapscan backend supports AGFA SnapScan flatbed
scanners. See <B>sane-snapscan(5)</B> for details.
<B>sp15c</B>
Primax, Piotech, Dextra names. See <B>sane-teco1(5)</B>,
<B>sane-teco2(5)</B> and <B>sane-teco3(5)</B> for details.
<B>umax</B>
The sane-umax backend provides access to several UMAX-
SCSI-scanners and some Linotype Hell SCSI-scanners. See
<B>sane-umax(5)</B> for details.
<B>umax_pp</B>
The sane-umax_pp backend provides access to Umax paral­
lel port flatbed scanners and the HP 3200C. See
<B>sane-umax_pp(5)</B> for details.
<B>umax1200u</B>
The sane-umax1220u backend supports the UMAX Astra 1220U
(USB) flatbed scanner (and also the UMAX Astra 2000U,
sort of). See <B>sane-umax1220u(5)</B> for details.
Also, have a look at the backend information page at
<I>http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html</I>
and the list of projects in <I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/PRO­</I>
<I>JECTS</I>.
</PRE>
<H2>BACKENDS FOR DIGITAL CAMERAS</H2><PRE>
<B>dc210</B>
Backend for Kodak DC210 Digital Camera. See
<B>sane-dc210(5)</B>.
<B>dc240</B>
Backend for Kodak DC240 Digital Camera. See
<B>sane-dc240(5)</B>.
<B>dc25</B>
Backend for Kodak DC20/DC25 Digital Cameras. See
<B>sane-dc25(5)</B>.
<B>dmc</B>
Backend for the Polaroid Digital Microscope Camera. See
<B>sane-dmc(5)</B>.
<B>gphoto2</B>
Backend for digital cameras supported by the gphoto2
library package. (See <I>http://www.gphoto.org</I> for more
information and a list of supported cameras.) Gphoto2
supports over 140 different camera models. However,
please note that more development and testing is needed
before all of these cameras will be supported by <B>SANE</B>
backend. See <B>sane-gphoto2(5)</B>.
<B>qcam</B>
Backend for Connectix QuickCam cameras. See
<B>net</B>
The <B>SANE</B> network daemon saned provides access to scan­
ners located on different computers in connection with
the net backend. See <B>sane-net(5)</B> and <B>saned(8)</B>.
<B>pnm</B>
PNM image reader pseudo-backend. The purpose of this
backend is primarily to aid in debugging of <B>SANE</B> fron­
tends. See <B>sane-pnm(5)</B>.
<B>pint</B>
Backend for scanners that use the <B>PINT</B> (Pint Is Not
Twain) device driver. The <B>PINT</B> driver is being actively
developed on the OpenBSD platform, and has been ported
to a few other *nix-like operating systems. See
<B>sane-pint(5)</B>.
<B>test</B>
The <B>SANE</B> test backend is for testing frontends and the
<B>SANE</B> installation. It provides test pictures and vari­
ous test options. See <B>sane-test(5)</B>.
<B>v4l</B>
The sane-v4l library implements a <B>SANE</B> backend that pro­
vides generic access to video cameras and similar equip­
ment using the <B>V4L</B> (Video for Linux) API. See
<B>sane-v4l(5)</B><B>.</B>
Also, have a look at the backend information page at
<I>http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html</I>
and the list of projects in <I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/PRO­</I>
<I>JECTS</I>.
</PRE>
<H2>CHANGING THE TOP-LEVEL BACKEND</H2><PRE>
By default, all <B>SANE</B> backends (drivers) are loaded dynami­
cally by the <B>sane-dll</B> meta backend. If you have any ques­
tions about the dynamic loading, read <B>sane-dll(5)</B>. <B>SANE</B>
frontend can also be linked to other backends directly by
copying or linking a backend to <B>libsane.so</B> in
<I>/usr/lib/sane</I>.
</PRE>
<H2>DEVELOPER'S DOCUMENTATION</H2><PRE>
It's not hard to write a <B>SANE</B> backend. It can take some
time, however. You should have basic knowledge of C and
enough patience to work through the documentation and find
out how your scanner works. Appended is a list of some
documents that help to write backends and frontends.
The <B>SANE</B> standard defines the application programming
at our bug-tracking system:
<I>http://www.http://www.sane-project.org/bugs.html</I>.
There are some links on how to find out about the protocol
of a scanner: <I>http://www.meier-</I>
<I>geinitz.de/sane/misc/develop.html</I>.
If you start writing a backend or frontend or any other
part of <B>SANE,</B> please contact the sane-devel mailing list
for coordination so the same work isn't done twice.
</PRE>
<H2>FILES</H2><PRE>
<I>/etc/sane.d/*.conf</I>
The backend configuration files.
<I>/usr/lib/sane/libsane-*.a</I>
The static libraries implementing the backends.
<I>/usr/lib/sane/libsane-*.so</I>
The shared libraries implementing the backends
(present on systems that support dynamic loading).
<I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/*</I>
<B>SANE</B> documentation: The standard, READMEs, text
files for backends etc.
</PRE>
<H2>PROBLEMS</H2><PRE>
If your device isn't found but you know that it is sup­
ported, make sure that it is detected by your operating
system. For SCSI and USB scanners, use the <B>sane-find-scan­</B>
<B>ner</B> tool (see <B>sane-find-scanner(1)</B> for details). It prints
one line for each scanner it has detected and some com­
ments (#). If <B>sane-find-scanner</B> finds your scanner only as
root but not as normal user, the permissions for the
device files are not adjusted correctly. If the scanner
isn't found at all, the operating system hasn't detected
it and may need some help. Depending on the type of your
scanner, read <B>sane-usb(5)</B> or <B>sane-scsi(5)</B>. If your scan­
ner (or other device) is not connected over the SCSI bus
or USB, read the backend's manual page for details on how
to set it up.
Now your scanner is detected by the operating system but
not by <B>SANE</B>? Try <B>scanimage</B> <B>-L</B>. If the scanner is not
found, check that the backend's name is mentioned in
<I>/etc/sane.d/dll.conf</I>. Some backends are commented out by
default. Remove the comment sign for your backend in this
case. Also some backends aren't compiled at all if one of
manual page for details.
If your scanner is still not found, try setting the vari­
ous environment variables that are available to assist in
debugging. The environment variables are documented in
the relevant manual pages. For example, to get the maxi­
mum amount of debug information when testing a Mustek SCSI
scanner, set environment variables <B>SANE_DEBUG_DLL</B>,
<B>SANE_DEBUG_MUSTEK</B>, and <B>SANE_DEBUG_SANEI_SCSI</B> to 128 and
then invoke <B>scanimage</B> <B>-L</B> <B>.</B> The debug messages for the dll
backend tell if the mustek backend was found and loaded at
all. The mustek messages explain what the mustek backend
is doing while the SCSI debugging shows the low level han­
dling. If you can't find out what's going on by checking
the messages carefully, contact the sane-devel mailing
list for help (see REPORTING BUGS below).
Now that your scanner is found by <B>scanimage</B> <B>-L</B>, try to do
a scan: <B>scanimage</B> <B>&gt;image.pnm</B>. This command starts a scan
for the default scanner with default settings. All the
available options are listed by running <B>scanimage</B> <B>--help</B>.
If scanning aborts with an error message, turn on debug­
ging as mentioned above. Maybe the configuration file
needs some tuning, e.g. to setup the path to a firmware
that is needed by some scanners. See the backend's manual
page for details. If you can't find out what's wrong, con­
tact sane-devel.
To check that the <B>SANE</B> libraries are installed correctly
you can use the test backend, even if you don't have a
scanner or other <B>SANE</B> device:
<B>scanimage</B> <B>-d</B> <I>test</I> <B>-T</B>
You should get a list of PASSed tests. You can do the same
with your backend by changing "test" to your backend's
name.
So now scanning with <B>scanimage</B> works and you want to use
one of the graphical frontends like <B>xsane</B>, <B>xscanimage</B>, or
<B>quiteinsane</B> but those frontends don't detect your scanner?
One reason may be that you installed two versions of <B>SANE</B>.
E.g. the version that was installed by your distribution
in <I>/usr</I> and one you installed from source in <I>/usr/local/</I>.
Make sure that only one version is installed. Another pos­
sible reason is, that your system's dynamic loader can't
find the <B>SANE</B> libraries. For Linux, make sure that
<I>/etc/ld.so.conf</I> contains <I>/usr/local/lib</I> and does <B>not</B> con­
tain <I>/usr/local/lib/sane</I>. See also the documentation of
the frontends.
backend's manpage. For general discussion about SANE,
please use the <B>SANE</B> mailing list sane-devel (see
<I>http://www.sane-project.org/mailing-lists.html</I> for
details).
</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
<B>saned(8)</B>, <B>sane-find-scanner(1)</B>, <B>scanimage(1)</B>, <B>sane-aba­</B>
<B>ton(5)</B>, <B>sane-agfafocus(5)</B>, <B>sane-apple(5)</B>, <B>sane-artec(5)</B>,
<B>sane-artec_eplus48u(5)</B>, <B>sane-as6e(5)</B>, <B>sane-avision(5)</B>,
<B>sane-bh(5)</B>, <B>sane-canon(5)</B>, <B>sane-canon630u(5)</B>,
<B>sane-canon_pp(5)</B>, <B>sane-coolscan2(5)</B>, <B>sane-coolscan(5)</B>,
<B>sane-dc210(5)</B>, <B>sane-dc240(5)</B>, <B>sane-dc25(5)</B>, <B>sane-dll(5)</B>,
<B>sane-dmc(5)</B>, <B>sane-epson(5)</B>, <B>sane-fujitsu(5)</B>,
<B>sane-gphoto2(5)</B>, <B>sane-gt68xx(5)</B>, <B>sane-hp(5)</B>,
<B>sane-hpsj5s(5)</B>, <B>sane-hp5400(5)</B> <B>sane-ibm(5)</B>, <B>sane-leo(5)</B>,
<B>sane-ma1509(5)</B>, <B>sane-matsushita(5)</B>, <B>sane-microtek2(5)</B>,
<B>sane-microtek(5)</B>, <B>sane-mustek(5)</B>, <B>sane-mustek_pp(5)</B>,
<B>sane-mustek_usb(5)</B>, <B>sane-nec(5)</B>, <B>sane-net(5)</B>,
<B>sane-niash(5)</B>, <B>sane-pie(5)</B>, <B>sane-pint(5)</B>, <B>sane-plustek(5)</B>,
<B>sane-plustek_pp(5)</B>, <B>sane-pnm(5)</B>, <B>sane-qcam(5)</B>,
<B>sane-ricoh(5)</B>, <B>sane-s9036(5)</B>, <B>sane-sceptre(5)</B>,
<B>sane-scsi(5)</B>, <B>sane-sharp(5)</B>, <B>sane-sm3600(5)</B>, <B>sane-snap­</B>
<B>scan(5)</B>, <B>sane-sp15c(5)</B>, <B>sane-st400(5)</B>, <B>sane-tamarack(5)</B>,
<B>sane-teco1(5)</B>, <B>sane-teco2(5)</B>, <B>sane-teco3(5)</B>, <B>sane-test(5)</B>,
<B>sane-u12(5)</B>, <B>sane-umax1220u(5)</B>, <B>sane-umax(5)</B>,
<B>sane-umax_pp(5)</B>, <B>sane-usb(5)</B>, <B>sane-v4l(5)</B>
</PRE>
<H2>AUTHOR</H2><PRE>
David Mosberger-Tang and many many more (see
<I>/usr/doc/sane-1.0.15/AUTHORS</I> for details). This man
page was written by Henning Meier-Geinitz. Quite a lot of
text was taken from the <B>SANE</B> standard, several man pages,
and README files.
sane-backends 1.0.15 03 Aug 2004 <B>sane(7)</B>
</PRE>
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