kopia lustrzana https://github.com/micropython/micropython
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263 wiersze
8.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _manifest:
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MicroPython manifest files
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==========================
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Summary
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-------
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MicroPython has a feature that allows Python code to be "frozen" into the
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firmware, as an alternative to loading code from the filesystem.
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This has the following benefits:
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- the code is pre-compiled to bytecode, avoiding the need for the Python
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source to be compiled at load-time.
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- the bytecode can be executed directly from ROM (i.e. flash memory) rather than
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being copied into RAM. Similarly any constant objects (strings, tuples, etc)
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are loaded from ROM also. This can lead to significantly more memory being
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available for your application.
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- on devices that do not have a filesystem, this is the only way to
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load Python code.
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During development, freezing is generally not recommended as it will
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significantly slow down your development cycle, as each update will require
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re-flashing the entire firmware. However, it can still be useful to
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selectively freeze some rarely-changing dependencies (such as third-party
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libraries).
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The way to list the Python files to be be frozen into the firmware is via
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a "manifest", which is a Python file that will be interpreted by the build
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process. Typically you would write a manifest file as part of a board
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definition, but you can also write a stand-alone manifest file and use it with
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an existing board definition.
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Manifest files can define dependencies on libraries from :term:`micropython-lib`
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as well as Python files on the filesystem, and also on other manifest files.
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Writing manifest files
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----------------------
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A manifest file is a Python file containing a series of function calls. See the
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available functions defined below.
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Any paths used in manifest files can include the following variables. These all
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resolve to absolute paths.
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- ``$(MPY_DIR)`` -- path to the micropython repo.
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- ``$(MPY_LIB_DIR)`` -- path to the micropython-lib submodule. Prefer to use
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``require()``.
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- ``$(PORT_DIR)`` -- path to the current port (e.g. ``ports/stm32``)
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- ``$(BOARD_DIR)`` -- path to the current board
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(e.g. ``ports/stm32/boards/PYBV11``)
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Custom manifest files should not live in the main MicroPython repository. You
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should keep them in version control with the rest of your project.
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Typically a manifest used for compiling firmware will need to include the port
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manifest, which might include frozen modules that are required for the board to
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function. If you just want to add additional modules to an existing board, then
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include the board manifest (which will in turn include the port manifest).
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Building with a custom manifest
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Your manifest can be specified on the ``make`` command line with:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ make BOARD=MYBOARD FROZEN_MANIFEST=/path/to/my/project/manifest.py
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This applies to all ports, including CMake-based ones (e.g. esp32, rp2), as the
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Makefile wrapper that will pass this into the CMake build.
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Adding a manifest to a board definition
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you have a custom board definition, you can make it include your custom
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manifest automatically. On make-based ports (most ports), in your
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``mpconfigboard.mk`` set the ``FROZEN_MANIFEST`` variable.
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.. code-block:: makefile
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FROZEN_MANIFEST ?= $(BOARD_DIR)/manifest.py
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On CMake-based ports (e.g. esp32, rp2), instead use ``mpconfigboard.cmake``
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.. code-block:: cmake
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set(MICROPY_FROZEN_MANIFEST ${MICROPY_BOARD_DIR}/manifest.py)
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High-level functions
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Note: The ``opt`` keyword argument can be set on the various functions, this controls
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the optimisation level used by the cross-compiler.
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See :func:`micropython.opt_level`.
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.. function:: package(package_path, files=None, base_path=".", opt=None)
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This is equivalent to copying the "package_path" directory to the device
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(except as frozen code).
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In the simplest case, to freeze a package "foo" in the current directory:
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.. code-block:: python3
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package("foo")
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will recursively include all .py files in foo, and will be frozen as
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``foo/**/*.py``.
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If the package isn't in the same directory as the manifest file, use ``base_path``:
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.. code-block:: python3
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package("foo", base_path="path/to/libraries")
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You can use the variables above, such as ``$(PORT_DIR)`` in ``base_path``.
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To restrict to certain files in the package use ``files`` (note: paths
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should be relative to the package): ``package("foo", files=["bar/baz.py"])``.
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.. function:: module(module_path, base_path=".", opt=None)
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Include a single Python file as a module.
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If the file is in the current directory:
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.. code-block:: python3
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module("foo.py")
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Otherwise use base_path to locate the file:
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.. code-block:: python3
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module("foo.py", base_path="src/drivers")
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You can use the variables above, such as ``$(PORT_DIR)`` in ``base_path``.
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.. function:: require(name, unix_ffi=False)
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Require a package by name (and its dependencies) from :term:`micropython-lib`.
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Optionally specify unix_ffi=True to use a module from the unix-ffi directory.
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.. function:: include(manifest_path)
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Include another manifest.
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Typically a manifest used for compiling firmware will need to include the
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port manifest, which might include frozen modules that are required for
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the board to function.
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The *manifest* argument can be a string (filename) or an iterable of
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strings.
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Relative paths are resolved with respect to the current manifest file.
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If the path is to a directory, then it implicitly includes the
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manifest.py file inside that directory.
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You can use the variables above, such as ``$(PORT_DIR)`` in ``manifest_path``.
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.. function:: metadata(description=None, version=None, license=None, author=None)
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Define metadata for this manifest file. This is useful for manifests for
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micropython-lib packages.
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Low-level functions
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These functions are documented for completeness, but with the exception of
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``freeze_as_str`` all functionality can be accessed via the high-level functions.
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.. function:: freeze(path, script=None, opt=0)
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Freeze the input specified by *path*, automatically determining its type. A
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``.py`` script will be compiled to a ``.mpy`` first then frozen, and a
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``.mpy`` file will be frozen directly.
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*path* must be a directory, which is the base directory to begin searching
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for files. When importing the resulting frozen modules, the name of the
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module will start after *path*, i.e. *path* is excluded from the module
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name.
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If *path* is relative, it is resolved to the current ``manifest.py``.
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If *script* is None, all files in *path* will be frozen.
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If *script* is an iterable then ``freeze()`` is called on all items of the
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iterable (with the same *path* and *opt* passed through).
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If *script* is a string then it specifies the file or directory to freeze,
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and can include extra directories before the file or last directory. The
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file or directory will be searched for in *path*. If *script* is a
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directory then all files in that directory will be frozen.
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*opt* is the optimisation level to pass to mpy-cross when compiling ``.py``
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to ``.mpy``. These levels are described in :func:`micropython.opt_level`.
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.. function:: freeze_as_str(path)
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Freeze the given *path* and all ``.py`` scripts within it as a string, which
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will be compiled upon import.
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.. function:: freeze_as_mpy(path, script=None, opt=0)
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Freeze the input by first compiling the ``.py`` scripts to ``.mpy`` files,
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then freezing the resulting ``.mpy`` files. See ``freeze()`` for further
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details on the arguments.
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.. function:: freeze_mpy(path, script=None, opt=0)
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Freeze the input, which must be ``.mpy`` files that are frozen directly.
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See ``freeze()`` for further details on the arguments.
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Examples
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--------
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To freeze a single file from the current directory which will be available as
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``import mydriver``, use:
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.. code-block:: python3
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module("mydriver.py")
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To freeze a directory of files in a subdirectory "mydriver" of the current
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directory which will be available as ``import mydriver``, use:
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.. code-block:: python3
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package("mydriver")
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To freeze the "hmac" library from :term:`micropython-lib`, use:
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.. code-block:: python3
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require("hmac")
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A more complete example of a custom ``manifest.py`` file for the ``PYBD_SF2``
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board is:
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.. code-block:: python3
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# Include the board's default manifest.
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include("$(BOARD_DIR)/manifest.py")
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# Add a custom driver
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module("mydriver.py")
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# Add aiorepl from micropython-lib
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require("aiorepl")
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Then the board can be compiled with
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ cd ports/stm32
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$ make BOARD=PYBD_SF2 FROZEN_MANIFEST=~/src/myproject/manifest.py
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Note that most boards do not have their own ``manifest.py``, rather they use the
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port one directly, in which case your manifest should just
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``include("$(PORT_DIR)/boards/manifest.py")`` instead.
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