diff --git a/py/asmx64.c b/py/asmx64.c
index ca461e0c2e..4fbd44f98c 100644
--- a/py/asmx64.c
+++ b/py/asmx64.c
@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ struct _asm_x64_t {
     byte *code_base;
     byte dummy_data[8];
 
-    int next_label;
-    int max_num_labels;
+    uint max_num_labels;
     int *label_offsets;
 };
 
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ void *alloc_mem(uint req_size, uint *alloc_size, bool is_exec) {
     return ptr;
 }
 
-asm_x64_t* asm_x64_new() {
+asm_x64_t* asm_x64_new(uint max_num_labels) {
     asm_x64_t* as;
 
     as = m_new(asm_x64_t, 1);
@@ -106,7 +105,8 @@ asm_x64_t* asm_x64_new() {
     as->code_offset = 0;
     as->code_size = 0;
     as->code_base = NULL;
-    as->label_offsets = NULL;
+    as->max_num_labels = max_num_labels;
+    as->label_offsets = m_new(int, max_num_labels);
 
     return as;
 }
@@ -134,29 +134,19 @@ void asm_x64_free(asm_x64_t* as, bool free_code) {
 void asm_x64_start_pass(asm_x64_t *as, int pass) {
     as->pass = pass;
     as->code_offset = 0;
-    as->next_label = 1;
-    if (pass == ASM_X64_PASS_1) {
-        as->max_num_labels = 0;
-    } else {
-        if (pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
-            memset(as->label_offsets, -1, as->max_num_labels * sizeof(int));
-        }
+    if (pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
+        // reset all labels
+        memset(as->label_offsets, -1, as->max_num_labels * sizeof(int));
     }
 }
 
 void asm_x64_end_pass(asm_x64_t *as) {
-    if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_1) {
-        // calculate number of labels need
-        if (as->next_label > as->max_num_labels) {
-            as->max_num_labels = as->next_label;
-        }
-        as->label_offsets = m_new(int, as->max_num_labels);
-    } else if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
+    if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
         // calculate size of code in bytes
         as->code_size = as->code_offset;
-        as->code_base = m_new(byte, as->code_size);
-        //uint actual_alloc;
-        //as->code_base = alloc_mem(as->code_size, &actual_alloc, true);
+        //as->code_base = m_new(byte, as->code_size); need to allocale executable memory
+        uint actual_alloc;
+        as->code_base = alloc_mem(as->code_size, &actual_alloc, true);
         printf("code_size: %u\n", as->code_size);
     }
 
@@ -458,70 +448,65 @@ void asm_x64_setcc_r8(asm_x64_t* as, int jcc_type, int dest_r8) {
     asm_x64_write_byte_3(as, OPCODE_SETCC_RM8_A, OPCODE_SETCC_RM8_B | jcc_type, MODRM_R64(0) | MODRM_RM_REG | MODRM_RM_R64(dest_r8));
 }
 
-int asm_x64_label_new(asm_x64_t* as) {
-    return as->next_label++;
-}
-
 void asm_x64_label_assign(asm_x64_t* as, int label) {
-    if (as->pass > ASM_X64_PASS_1) {
-        assert(label < as->max_num_labels);
-        if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
-            // assign label offset
-            assert(as->label_offsets[label] == -1);
-            as->label_offsets[label] = as->code_offset;
-        } else if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_3) {
-            // ensure label offset has not changed from PASS_2 to PASS_3
-            //printf("l%d: (at %d=%ld)\n", label, as->label_offsets[label], as->code_offset);
-            assert(as->label_offsets[label] == as->code_offset);
-        }
+    assert(label < as->max_num_labels);
+    if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_2) {
+        // assign label offset
+        assert(as->label_offsets[label] == -1);
+        as->label_offsets[label] = as->code_offset;
+    } else if (as->pass == ASM_X64_PASS_3) {
+        // ensure label offset has not changed from PASS_2 to PASS_3
+        //printf("l%d: (at %d=%ld)\n", label, as->label_offsets[label], as->code_offset);
+        assert(as->label_offsets[label] == as->code_offset);
     }
 }
 
-void asm_x64_jmp_label(asm_x64_t* as, int label) {
-    if (as->pass > ASM_X64_PASS_1) {
-        int dest = as->label_offsets[label];
-        int rel = dest - as->code_offset;
-        if (dest >= 0 && rel < 0) {
-            // is a backwards jump, so we know the size of the jump on the first pass
-            // calculate rel assuming 8 bit relative jump
-            rel -= 2;
-            if (SIGNED_FIT8(rel)) {
-                asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JMP_REL8, rel & 0xff);
-            } else {
-                rel += 2;
-                goto large_jump;
-            }
+static int get_label_dest(asm_x64_t *as, int label) {
+    assert(label < as->max_num_labels);
+    return as->label_offsets[label];
+}
+
+void asm_x64_jmp_label(asm_x64_t *as, int label) {
+    int dest = get_label_dest(as, label);
+    int rel = dest - as->code_offset;
+    if (dest >= 0 && rel < 0) {
+        // is a backwards jump, so we know the size of the jump on the first pass
+        // calculate rel assuming 8 bit relative jump
+        rel -= 2;
+        if (SIGNED_FIT8(rel)) {
+            asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JMP_REL8, rel & 0xff);
         } else {
-            // is a forwards jump, so need to assume it's large
-            large_jump:
-            rel -= 5;
-            asm_x64_write_byte_1(as, OPCODE_JMP_REL32);
-            asm_x64_write_word32(as, rel);
+            rel += 2;
+            goto large_jump;
         }
+    } else {
+        // is a forwards jump, so need to assume it's large
+        large_jump:
+        rel -= 5;
+        asm_x64_write_byte_1(as, OPCODE_JMP_REL32);
+        asm_x64_write_word32(as, rel);
     }
 }
 
-void asm_x64_jcc_label(asm_x64_t* as, int jcc_type, int label) {
-    if (as->pass > ASM_X64_PASS_1) {
-        int dest = as->label_offsets[label];
-        int rel = dest - as->code_offset;
-        if (dest >= 0 && rel < 0) {
-            // is a backwards jump, so we know the size of the jump on the first pass
-            // calculate rel assuming 8 bit relative jump
-            rel -= 2;
-            if (SIGNED_FIT8(rel)) {
-                asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JCC_REL8 | jcc_type, rel & 0xff);
-            } else {
-                rel += 2;
-                goto large_jump;
-            }
+void asm_x64_jcc_label(asm_x64_t *as, int jcc_type, int label) {
+    int dest = get_label_dest(as, label);
+    int rel = dest - as->code_offset;
+    if (dest >= 0 && rel < 0) {
+        // is a backwards jump, so we know the size of the jump on the first pass
+        // calculate rel assuming 8 bit relative jump
+        rel -= 2;
+        if (SIGNED_FIT8(rel)) {
+            asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JCC_REL8 | jcc_type, rel & 0xff);
         } else {
-            // is a forwards jump, so need to assume it's large
-            large_jump:
-            rel -= 6;
-            asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JCC_REL32_A, OPCODE_JCC_REL32_B | jcc_type);
-            asm_x64_write_word32(as, rel);
+            rel += 2;
+            goto large_jump;
         }
+    } else {
+        // is a forwards jump, so need to assume it's large
+        large_jump:
+        rel -= 6;
+        asm_x64_write_byte_2(as, OPCODE_JCC_REL32_A, OPCODE_JCC_REL32_B | jcc_type);
+        asm_x64_write_word32(as, rel);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/py/asmx64.h b/py/asmx64.h
index 34d5a48354..addf6bc28a 100644
--- a/py/asmx64.h
+++ b/py/asmx64.h
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ void asm_x64_cmp_disp_with_r32(asm_x64_t* as, int src_r32_a, int src_disp_a, int
 void asm_x64_cmp_i32_with_r32(asm_x64_t* as, int src_i32, int src_r32);
 void asm_x64_test_r8_with_r8(asm_x64_t* as, int src_r64_a, int src_r64_b);
 void asm_x64_setcc_r8(asm_x64_t* as, int jcc_type, int dest_r8);
-int asm_x64_label_new(asm_x64_t* as);
 void asm_x64_label_assign(asm_x64_t* as, int label);
 void asm_x64_jmp_label(asm_x64_t* as, int label);
 void asm_x64_jcc_label(asm_x64_t* as, int jcc_type, int label);
diff --git a/py/compile.c b/py/compile.c
index c6b195edeb..b839ac551c 100644
--- a/py/compile.c
+++ b/py/compile.c
@@ -2523,8 +2523,8 @@ void py_compile(py_parse_node_t pn) {
     }
 
     //emit_cpython_new(&comp->emit, &comp->emit_method_table, comp->max_num_labels);
-    emit_bc_new(&comp->emit, &comp->emit_method_table, comp->max_num_labels);
-    //emit_new_x64(&comp->emit, &comp->emit_method_table, comp->max_num_labels);
+    //emit_bc_new(&comp->emit, &comp->emit_method_table, comp->max_num_labels);
+    emit_x64_new(&comp->emit, &comp->emit_method_table, comp->max_num_labels);
 
     for (scope_t *s = comp->scope_head; s != NULL; s = s->next) {
         compile_scope(comp, s, PASS_2);
diff --git a/py/emit.h b/py/emit.h
index b2d451efdb..e995597afd 100644
--- a/py/emit.h
+++ b/py/emit.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ typedef struct _emit_method_table_t {
     int (*get_stack_size)(emit_t *emit);
     void (*set_stack_size)(emit_t *emit, int size);
 
-    int (*label_new)(emit_t *emit);
     void (*label_assign)(emit_t *emit, int l);
     void (*import_name)(emit_t *emit, qstr qstr);
     void (*import_from)(emit_t *emit, qstr qstr);
diff --git a/py/emitbc.c b/py/emitbc.c
index fae394bd9e..eeeb2b749d 100644
--- a/py/emitbc.c
+++ b/py/emitbc.c
@@ -158,10 +158,6 @@ static void emit_pre(emit_t *emit, int stack_size_delta) {
     emit->last_emit_was_return_value = false;
 }
 
-static int emit_bc_label_new(emit_t *emit) {
-    return emit->next_label++;
-}
-
 static void emit_bc_label_assign(emit_t *emit, int l) {
     emit_pre(emit, 0);
     assert(l < emit->max_num_labels);
@@ -669,7 +665,6 @@ static const emit_method_table_t emit_bc_method_table = {
     emit_bc_get_stack_size,
     emit_bc_set_stack_size,
 
-    emit_bc_label_new,
     emit_bc_label_assign,
     emit_bc_import_name,
     emit_bc_import_from,
diff --git a/py/emitcpy.c b/py/emitcpy.c
index 72f4d4daa9..c3dc204969 100644
--- a/py/emitcpy.c
+++ b/py/emitcpy.c
@@ -79,10 +79,6 @@ static void emit_pre(emit_t *emit, int stack_size_delta, int byte_code_size) {
     emit->byte_code_offset += byte_code_size;
 }
 
-static int emit_cpy_label_new(emit_t *emit) {
-    return emit->next_label++;
-}
-
 static void emit_cpy_label_assign(emit_t *emit, int l) {
     emit_pre(emit, 0, 0);
     assert(l < emit->max_num_labels);
@@ -822,7 +818,6 @@ static const emit_method_table_t emit_cpy_method_table = {
     emit_cpy_get_stack_size,
     emit_cpy_set_stack_size,
 
-    emit_cpy_label_new,
     emit_cpy_label_assign,
     emit_cpy_import_name,
     emit_cpy_import_from,
diff --git a/py/emitx64.c b/py/emitx64.c
index c9307dc00d..72a0852938 100644
--- a/py/emitx64.c
+++ b/py/emitx64.c
@@ -249,10 +249,6 @@ static void emit_call_with_i64_arg(emit_t *emit, void *fun, int64_t arg_val, int
     asm_x64_call_ind(emit->as, fun, REG_RAX);
 }
 
-static int emit_x64_label_new(emit_t *emit) {
-    return asm_x64_label_new(emit->as);
-}
-
 static void emit_x64_label_assign(emit_t *emit, int l) {
     asm_x64_label_assign(emit->as, l);
 }
@@ -675,7 +671,6 @@ static const emit_method_table_t emit_x64_method_table = {
     emit_x64_get_stack_size,
     emit_x64_set_stack_size,
 
-    emit_x64_label_new,
     emit_x64_label_assign,
     emit_x64_import_name,
     emit_x64_import_from,