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Update WRITER.md remove most debug print statements.

col_clip
Peter Hinch 2021-01-30 17:38:59 +00:00
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writer/WRITER.md
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@ -48,30 +48,31 @@ Labels and Fields (from nanogui.py).
# Contents
1. [Introduction](./WRITER.md#1-introduction)
1.1 [Hardware](./WRITER.md#11-hardware)
1.2 [Files](./WRITER.md#11-files)
1.3 [Fonts](./WRITER.md#11-fonts)
1.1 [Release notes](./WRITER.md#11-release-notes)
1.2 [Hardware](./WRITER.md#12-hardware)
1.3 [Files](./WRITER.md#13-files)
1.4 [Fonts](./WRITER.md#14-fonts)
2. [Writer and CWriter classes](./WRITER.md#2-writer-and-cwriter-classes)
2.1 [The Writer class](./WRITER.md#21-the-writer-class) For monochrome displays.
     2.1.1 [Static Method](./WRITER.md#211-static-method)
     2.1.2.[Constructor](./WRITER.md#212-constructor)
     2.1.3 [Methods](./WRITER.md#213-methods)
2.2 [The CWriter class](./WRITER.md#22-the-cwriter-class) For colour displays
and for upside-down rendering.
     2.2.1 [Static Method](./WRITER.md#221-static-method)
     2.2.2 [Constructor](./WRITER.md#222-constructor)
     2.2.3 [Methods](./WRITER.md#223-methods)
     2.2.4 [A performance boost](./WRITER.md#224-a-performance-boost)
3. [Notes](./WRITER.md#4-notes)
2.2 [The CWriter class](./WRITER.md#22-the-cwriter-class) For colour displays.
     2.2.1 [Constructor](./WRITER.md#221-constructor)
     2.2.2 [Methods](./WRITER.md#222-methods)
     2.2.3 [A performance boost](./WRITER.md#223-a-performance-boost)
3. [Notes](./WRITER.md#3-notes)
###### [Main README](../README.md)
# 1. Introduction
The original `Writer` class was a proof of concept intended to demonstrate
rendering, on an SSD1306 OLED display, fonts created by`font_to_py.py`.
The module provides a `Writer` class for rendering bitmapped monochrome fonts
created by `font_to_py.py`. The `CWriter` class extends this to support color
rendering. Rendering is to a `FrameBuffer` instance, e.g. to a display whose
driver is subclassed from a `FrameBuffer`.
This update for practical applications has the following features:
The module has the following features:
* Genarality: capable of working with any `framebuf` derived driver.
* Multiple display operation.
* Text display of fixed and variable pitch fonts with wrapping and vertical
@ -80,29 +81,42 @@ This update for practical applications has the following features:
* Tab support.
* String metrics to enable right or centre justification.
* Inverse (background color on foreground color) display.
* Inverted display option.
Note that these changes have significantly increased code size. On the ESP8266
it is likely that `writer.py` will need to be frozen as bytecode. The original
very simple version still exists as `writer_minimal.py`.
## 1.1 Hardware
## 1.1 Release Notes
V0.4.0 Jan 2021
Improved handling of the `col_clip` and `wrap` options. Improved accuracy
avoids needless word wrapping. The clip option now displays as much of the last
visible glyph as possible: formerly a glyph which would not fit in its entirety
was discarded.
The inverted display option has been withdrawn. It added significant code size
and was not an optimal solution. Display inversion should be done at the device
driver level. Such a solution works for graphics objects and GUI widgets, while
the old option only affected rendered text.
## 1.2 Hardware
Tests and demos assume a 128*64 SSD1306 OLED display connected via I2C or SPI.
Wiring is specified in `ssd1306_setup.py`. Edit this to use a different bus or
for a non-Pyboard target.
## 1.2 Files
## 1.3 Files
1. `writer.py` Supports `Writer` and `CWriter` classes.
2. `writer_gui.py` Provides optional GUI objects.
3. `ssd1306_setup.py` Hardware initialisation for SSD1306. Requires the
2. `ssd1306_setup.py` Hardware initialisation for SSD1306. Requires the
official [SSD1306 driver](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/drivers/display/ssd1306.py).
4. `writer_demo.py` Demo using a 128*64 SSD1306 OLED display. Import to see
3. `writer_demo.py` Demo using a 128*64 SSD1306 OLED display. Import to see
usage information.
5. `writer_tests.py` Test/demo scripts. Import to see usage information.
6. `writer_minimal.py` A minimal version for highly resource constrained
4. `writer_tests.py` Test/demo scripts. Import to see usage information.
5. `writer_minimal.py` A minimal version for highly resource constrained
devices.
6. `framebuf_utils.framebuf_utils.mpy` A means of improving rendering speed
on color displays. Discussed [in 2.2.3](./WRITER.md#223-a-performance-boost)
Sample fonts:
1. `freesans20.py` Variable pitch font file.
@ -110,25 +124,24 @@ Sample fonts:
3. `font10.py` Smaller variable pitch fonts.
4. `font6.py`
## 1.3 Fonts
## 1.4 Fonts
Python font files should be created using `font-to-py.py` using horizontal
mapping (`-x` option). The `-r` option is not required. If RAM is critical
fonts may be frozen as bytecode reducing the RAM impact of each font to about
340 bytes.
340 bytes. This is highly recommended.
###### [Contents](./WRITER.md#contents)
# 2. Writer and CWriter classes
The `Writer` class provides fast rendering to monochrome displays using bit
blitting. Most applications will use this class.
blitting.
The `CWriter` class is a subclass of `Writer`. It can optionally support color
displays. It provides additional functionality in the form of an upside-down
display option. Owing to limitations in the `frmebuf.blit` method the
`CWriter` class renders glyphs one pixel at a time; rendering is therefore
slower than the `Writer` class.
The `CWriter` class is a subclass of `Writer` to support color displays. Owing
to limitations in the `frmebuf.blit` method the `CWriter` class renders glyphs
one pixel at a time; rendering is therefore slower than the `Writer` class. A
substantial improvement is possible. See [2.2.3](./WRITER.md#223-a-performance-boost).
Multiple screens are supported. On any screen multiple `Writer` or `CWriter`
instances may be used, each using a different font. A class variable holds the
@ -176,10 +189,10 @@ SSD1306 OLED display and the official
The `Writer` class exposes the following static method:
1. `set_textpos` Args: `device`,`row=None`, `col=None`. The `device` is the
display instance. This method determines where on screen subsequent text is to
be rendered. The initial value is (0, 0) - the top left corner. Arguments are
in pixels with positive values representing down and right respectively. The
1. `set_textpos(device, row=None, col=None)`. The `device` is the display
instance. This method determines where on screen subsequent text is to be
rendered. The initial value is (0, 0) - the top left corner. Arguments are in
pixels with positive values representing down and right respectively. The
insertion point defines the top left hand corner of the next character to be
output.
@ -199,45 +212,37 @@ This takes the following args:
### 2.1.3 Methods
1. `printstring` Args: `string`, `invert=False`. Outputs a text string at the
current insertion point. Newline and Tab characters are honoured. If `invert`
is `True` the text is output as black on white.
2. `height` No args. Returns the font height in pixels.
3. `stringlen` Arg: `string`. Returns the length of a string in pixels. Used
for right or centre justification.
4. `set_clip` Args: `row_clip=None`, `col_clip=None`, `wrap=None`. If
`row_clip` and/or `col_clip` are `True`, characters will be clipped if they
extend beyond the boundaries of the physical display. If `col_clip` is
`False` characters will wrap onto the next line. If `row_clip` is `False` the
display will, where necessary, scroll up to ensure the line is rendered. If
`wrap` is `True` word-wrapping will be performed, assuming words are separated
by spaces.
1. `printstring(string, invert=False)`. Renders the string at the current
insertion point. Newline and Tab characters are honoured. If `invert` is
`True` the text is output with foreground and background colors transposed.
2. `height()` Returns the font height in pixels.
3. `stringlen(string, oh=False)` Returns the length of a string in pixels.
Appications can use this for right or centre justification.
The `oh` arg is for internal use. If set, the method returns a `bool`, `True`
if the string would overhang the display edge if rendered at the current
insertion point.
4. `set_clip(row_clip=None, col_clip=None, wrap=None)`. If `row_clip` and/or
`col_clip` are `True`, characters will be clipped if they extend beyond the
boundaries of the physical display. If `col_clip` is `False` characters will
wrap onto the next line. If `row_clip` is `False` the display will, where
necessary, scroll up to ensure the line is rendered. If `wrap` is `True`
word-wrapping will be performed, assuming words are separated by spaces.
If any arg is `None`, that value will be left unchanged.
Returns the current values of `row_clip`, `col_clip` and `wrap`.
5. `tabsize` Arg `value=None`. If `value` is an integer sets the tab size.
Returns the current tab size (initial default is 4). Tabs only work properly
with fixed pitch fonts.
5. `tabsize(value=None)`. If `value` is an integer sets the tab size. Returns
the current tab size (initial default is 4). Tabs only work properly with
fixed pitch fonts.
###### [Contents](./WRITER.md#contents)
## 2.2 The CWriter class
This extends the `Writer` class by adding support for upside-down and/or color
displays. A color value is an integer whose interpretation is dependent on the
display hardware and device driver.
This extends the `Writer` class by adding support for color displays. A color
value is an integer whose interpretation is dependent on the display hardware
and device driver. The Python font file uses single bit pixels. On a color
screen these are rendered using foreground and background colors.
### 2.2.1 Static method
The following static method is added:
1. `invert_display` Args `device`, `value=True`. The `device` is the display
instance. If `value` is set, causes text to be rendered upside down. The
`set_textpos` method should be called to ensure that text is rendered from the
bottom right hand corner (viewing the display in its normal orientation).
If a display is to be run inverted, this method must be called prior to
instantiating a `Writer` for this display.
### 2.2.2 Constructor
### 2.2.1 Constructor
This takes the following args:
1. `device` The hardware device driver instance for the screen in use.
@ -246,20 +251,20 @@ This takes the following args:
4. `bgcolor=None` Background color. If `None` a monochrome display is assumed.
5. `verbose=True` If `True` the constructor emits console printout.
### 2.2.3 Methods
### 2.2.2 Methods
All methods of the base class are supported. Additional method:
1. `setcolor` Args: `fgcolor=None`, `bgcolor=None`. Sets the foreground and
background colors. If one is `None` that value is left unchanged. If both
are `None` the constructor defaults are restored. Constructor defaults are
1 and 0 for monochrome displays (`Writer`). Returns foreground
and background color values.
1. `setcolor(fgcolor=None, bgcolor=None)`. Sets the foreground and background
colors. If one is `None` that value is left unchanged. If both are `None` the
constructor defaults are restored. Constructor defaults are 1 and 0
for monochrome displays (`Writer`). Returns foreground and background color
values.
The `printstring` method works as per the base class except that the string is
rendered in foreground color on background color (or reversed if `invert` is
`True`).
### 2.2.4 A performance boost
### 2.2.3 A performance boost
Rendering performance of the `Cwriter` class is slow: owing to limitations in
the `framebuf.blit` method the class renders glyphs one pixel at a time. There
@ -269,8 +274,8 @@ consists of a native C module.
On import, `writer.py` attempts to import a module `framebuf_utils`. If this
succeeds, glyph rendering will be substantially faster. If the file is not
present the class will work using normal rendering. If the file exists but was
compiled for a different architecture a warning message will be printed but the
class will work using normal rendering.
compiled for a different architecture a warning message will be printed. This
is a harmless advisory - the code will run using normal rendering.
The directory `framebuf_utils` contains the source file, the makefile and a
version of `framebuf_utils.mpy` for `armv7m` architecture (e.g. Pyboards).
@ -280,10 +285,6 @@ to specify the `xtensawin` arch and rebuild.
It is suggested that moving the appropriate `framebuf_utils.mpy` to the target
is only done once the basic operation of an application has been verified.
The native module does not support the `CWriter.invert_display` option. If this
is used, the presence of the native module will have no effect. The module has
no effect on the `Writer` class which uses fast rendering by default.
The module has a `fast_mode` variable which is set `True` on import if the mode
was successfully engaged. User code should treat this as read-only.

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writer/writer.py
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@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
# writer.py Implements the Writer class.
# V0.35 Peter Hinch Sept 2020 Fast rendering option for color displays
# Handles colour, upside down diplays, word wrap and tab stops
# Handles colour, word wrap and tab stops
# V0.40 Jan 2021 Improved handling of word wrap and line clip. Upside-down
# rendering no longer supported: delegate to device driver.
# V0.35 Sept 2020 Fast rendering option for color displays
# Released under the MIT License (MIT). See LICENSE.
# Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Peter Hinch
@ -21,6 +24,8 @@
import framebuf
from uctypes import bytearray_at, addressof
__version__ = (0, 4, 0)
fast_mode = True
try:
try:
@ -39,7 +44,6 @@ class DisplayState():
def __init__(self):
self.text_row = 0
self.text_col = 0
self.usd = False
def _get_id(device):
if not isinstance(device, framebuf.FrameBuffer):
@ -60,11 +64,11 @@ class Writer():
if row is not None:
if row < 0 or row >= device.height:
raise ValueError('row is out of range')
s.text_row = device.height - 1 - row if s.usd else row
s.text_row = row
if col is not None:
if col < 0 or col >= device.width:
raise ValueError('col is out of range')
s.text_col = device.width -1 - col if s.usd else col
s.text_col = col
return s.text_row, s.text_col
def __init__(self, device, font, verbose=True):
@ -73,7 +77,6 @@ class Writer():
if self.devid not in Writer.state:
Writer.state[self.devid] = DisplayState()
self.font = font
self.usd = Writer.state[self.devid].usd
# Allow to work with reverse or normal font mapping
if font.hmap():
@ -105,20 +108,12 @@ class Writer():
def _newline(self):
s = self._getstate()
height = self.font.height()
if self.usd:
s.text_row -= height
s.text_col = self.screenwidth - 1
margin = s.text_row - height
y = 0
else:
s.text_row += height
s.text_col = 0
margin = self.screenheight - (s.text_row + height)
y = self.screenheight + margin
s.text_row += height
s.text_col = 0
margin = self.screenheight - (s.text_row + height)
y = self.screenheight + margin
if margin < 0:
if not self.row_clip:
if self.usd:
margin = -margin
self.device.scroll(0, margin)
self.device.fill_rect(0, y, self.screenwidth, abs(margin), self.bgcolor)
s.text_row += margin
@ -157,7 +152,6 @@ class Writer():
if pos > 0:
rstr = string[pos + 1:]
string = lstr
#print("[", string, "] [", lstr, "] [", rstr, "]", pos)
for char in string:
self._printchar(char, invert)
@ -167,14 +161,12 @@ class Writer():
def stringlen(self, string, oh=False):
sc = self._getstate().text_col # Start column
#print('stringlen sc =', sc)
wd = self.screenwidth
l = 0
for char in string[:-1]:
_, _, char_width = self.font.get_ch(char)
l += char_width
if oh and l + sc > wd:
print('sl1', string, l + sc, wd)
return True # All done. Save time.
char = string[-1]
_, _, char_width = self.font.get_ch(char)
@ -182,7 +174,6 @@ class Writer():
l += self._truelen(char) # Last char might have blank cols on RHS
else:
l += char_width # Public method. Return same value as old code.
print('sl2', string, l + sc, wd, char, char_width)
return l + sc > wd if oh else l
# Return the printable width of a glyph less any blank columns on RHS
@ -204,7 +195,7 @@ class Writer():
break
if mc + 1 == wd:
break # All done: no trailing space
print('Truelen', char, wd, mc + 1)
print('Truelen', char, wd, mc + 1) # TEST
return mc + 1
def _get_char(self, char, recurse):
@ -228,32 +219,18 @@ class Writer():
glyph, char_height, char_width = self.font.get_ch(char)
s = self._getstate()
np = None # Allow restriction on printable columns
if self.usd:
if s.text_row - char_height < 0:
if self.row_clip:
if s.text_row + char_height > self.screenheight:
if self.row_clip:
return
self._newline()
oh = s.text_col + char_width - self.screenwidth # Overhang (+ve)
if oh > 0:
if self.col_clip or self.wrap:
np = char_width - oh # No. of printable columns
if np <= 0:
return
else:
self._newline()
oh = s.text_col - char_width # Amount glyph would overhang edge (-ve)
if oh < 0:
if self.col_clip or self.wrap:
np = char_width + oh # No of printable columns
if np <= 0:
return
else:
self._newline()
else:
if s.text_row + char_height > self.screenheight:
if self.row_clip:
return
self._newline()
oh = s.text_col + char_width - self.screenwidth # Overhang (+ve)
if oh > 0:
if self.col_clip or self.wrap:
np = char_width - oh # No. of printable columns
if np <= 0:
return
else:
self._newline()
self.glyph = glyph
self.char_height = char_height
self.char_width = char_width
@ -286,12 +263,6 @@ class Writer():
# Writer for colour displays or upside down rendering
class CWriter(Writer):
@staticmethod
def invert_display(device, value=True):
devid = id(device)
if devid not in Writer.state:
Writer.state[devid] = DisplayState()
Writer.state[devid].usd = value
def __init__(self, device, font, fgcolor=None, bgcolor=None, verbose=True):
super().__init__(device, font, verbose)
@ -301,9 +272,8 @@ class CWriter(Writer):
self.fgcolor = fgcolor
self.def_bgcolor = self.bgcolor
self.def_fgcolor = self.fgcolor
fm = fast_mode and not self.usd
self._printchar = self._pchfast if fm else self._pchslow
verbose and print('Render {} using fast mode'.format('is' if fm else 'not'))
self._printchar = self._pchfast if fast_mode else self._pchslow
verbose and print('Render {} using fast mode'.format('is' if fast_mode else 'not'))
def _pchfast(self, char, invert=False, recurse=False):
s = self._getstate()
@ -333,25 +303,21 @@ class CWriter(Writer):
device = self.device
fgcolor = self.bgcolor if invert else self.fgcolor
bgcolor = self.fgcolor if invert else self.bgcolor
usd = self.usd
drow = s.text_row # Destination row
wcol = s.text_col # Destination column of character start
for srow in range(char_height): # Source row
for scol in range(clip_width): # Source column
# Destination column: add/subtract writer column
if usd:
dcol = wcol - scol
else:
dcol = wcol + scol
# Destination column: add writer column
dcol = wcol + scol
gbyte, gbit = divmod(scol, 8)
if gbit == 0: # Next glyph byte
data = self.glyph[srow * gbytes + gbyte]
pixel = fgcolor if data & (1 << (7 - gbit)) else bgcolor
device.pixel(dcol, drow, pixel)
drow += -1 if usd else 1
drow += 1
if drow >= self.screenheight or drow < 0:
break
s.text_col += -char_width if usd else char_width
s.text_col += char_width
self.cpos += 1
def setcolor(self, fgcolor=None, bgcolor=None):