kopia lustrzana https://dev.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale/funkwhale
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21 KiB
ReStructuredText
702 wiersze
21 KiB
ReStructuredText
Funkwhale Federation
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====================
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This documentation section is more technical, and targets people who want
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to understand how Funkwhale's federation works.
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Technologies and standards
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--------------------------
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Funkwhale's federation is built on top of the following technologies:
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- `ActivityPub`_ as the high-level federation protocol
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- `HTTP Signatures`_ as the primary mean to authenticate messages
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- `Webfinger`_ to easily retrieve resources using human-friendly names
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- `ActivityStreams`_ and `ActivityStreams vocabulary`_ as the mean to structure messages
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Support for the following is planned but not implemented-yet:
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- `JSON-LD signatures`_ as an alternate mean to authenticate messages
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.. _ActivityPub: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/
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.. _HTTP Signatures: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-cavage-http-signatures-01.html
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.. _Webfinger: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7033
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.. _JSON-LD signatures: https://w3c-dvcg.github.io/ld-signatures/
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.. _ActivityStreams: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/
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.. _ActivityStreams vocabulary: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/
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Philosophy
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----------
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Our goal is to stick to the specifications as much as possible, to ensure
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compatibility with existing applications such as Mastodon, Peertube, Plume, Pleroma or PixelFed.
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However, this is not always possible for all our use cases. The ActivityPub and ActivityStreams specifications
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are really high-level and do not always fit our use cases. For such cases, we will
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use an ad-hoc solution, and document it here.
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There are plenty of projects built using ActivityPub, and our goal is not to support all
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the existing activities. Instead, we want to support activities and objects that make sense
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for Funkwhale use cases, such as follows or likes.
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If you think this document is not accurate or find evidence that Funkwhale is not
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behaving according to the behaviour documented here, please file a bug on our
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issue tracker, as we consider this a bug.
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Internal logic
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--------------
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This section is relevant if you're interested in how we handle things internally
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in our application code.
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Database schema
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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As much as possible, we try to map our internal model and database schema to
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ActivityPub entities, as this makes things easier to deal with.
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We store received activities payload directly in the database before we attempt to process
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or deliver them. Storing the activities unlock some interesting use cases, such as
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debugging federation issues, replaying deliveries, or reprocess historical
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activities that were not supported before.
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Each local user is bound to an ``Actor``. Remote and local actors share the same
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database table and all federated entities (such as uploads) are linked to an ``Actor``
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and not to a user. This means that, internally, in general, there is no distinction between
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local and remote users.
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Links:
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- `Federation models <https://dev.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale/funkwhale/blob/develop/api/funkwhale_api/federation/models.py>`_
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Activity creation and delivery
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When a local actor is making an action that should trigger an ``Activity``, which roughly is equivalent
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to posting an activity to an outbox, we create an object, with the proper payload and store it in our
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``Activity`` table. We then trigger two kind of deliveries:
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1. A delivery to local recipients: for each local recipient, we create an ``InboxItem``, linked to the activity. A local
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actor's feed is then made of all the available inbox items, which can also have a read/unread
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status
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2. A delivery to remote recipients: we collect all inboxes and shared inbox urls from remote recipients,
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and create a ``Delivery`` object in our database, linked to the initial activity and the inbox or shared inbox url.
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This ``Delivery`` object is then used by our worker to post the activity content to the url.
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Receiving an activity from a remote actor in a local inbox is basically the same, but we skip step 2.
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Funkwhale does not support all activities, and we have a basic routing logic to handle
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specific activities, and discard unsupported ones.
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If a delivered activity matches one of our routes, a dedicated handler is called,
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which can trigger additional logic. For instance, if we receive a :ref:`activity-create` activity
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for an :ref:`object-audio` object, our handler will persist the proper data in our local ``Upload``
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table, retrieve the audio cover, etc.
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Links:
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- `Routing logic for activities <https://dev.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale/funkwhale/blob/develop/api/funkwhale_api/federation/routes.py>`_
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- `Delivery logic for activities <https://dev.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale/funkwhale/blob/develop/api/funkwhale_api/federation/tasks.py>`_
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.. _service-actor:
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Service actor
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-------------
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In some situations, we will send messages or authenticate our fetches using what we call
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the service actor. A service actor is an ActivityPub actor object that acts on behalf
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of a Funkwhale server.
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The actor id usually looks like ``https://yourdomain.com/federation/actors/service``, but
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the reliable way to determine it is to query the nodeinfo endpoint and use the value
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available in the ``metadata > actorId`` field.
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Funkwhale generally considers that the service actor has authority to send activities
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associated with any object on the same domain. For instance, the service actor
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could send a :ref:`activity-delete` activity linked to another users' library on the same domain.
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Supported activities
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--------------------
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.. _activity-follow:
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Follow
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^^^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`object-Library` objects
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Example of library follow
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*************************
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"type": "Follow",
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"id": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice#follows/99fc40d7-9bc8-4c4a-add1-f637339e1ded",
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"actor": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice",
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"to": ["https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob"],
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"object": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6"
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}
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In this example, Alice is following the :ref:`object-library` described in ``object``, which is
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owned by Bob.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When a follow is received on a :ref:`object-Library`, Funkwhale will behave differently
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depending on the visibility of the library:
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- Automatic accept, when the library is public: a notification is sent to the library owner, and an :ref:`activity-accept` is sent automatically to the follow actor.
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- Manual accept, in all other cases: a notification is sent to the library owner. After manual approval from the owner, an :ref:`activity-accept` is sent to the follow actor.
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Funkwhale uses library follow status to grant access to the follow actor. If a library
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is not public and an actor does not have an approved follow, library content will be
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inaccessible to the actor.
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Checks
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******
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Before handling the activity, Funkwhale will ensure the library's owner is
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the activity recipient.
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.. _activity-accept:
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Accept
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^^^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`activity-follow` objects
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"type": "Accept",
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"id": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice#follows/99fc40d7-9bc8-4c4a-add1-f637339e1ded/accept",
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"to": ["https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice"],
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"actor": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob",
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"object": {
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"id": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice#follows/99fc40d7-9bc8-4c4a-add1-f637339e1ded",
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"type": "Follow",
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"actor": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice",
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"object": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6",
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},
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}
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In this example, Bob accepts Alice's follow.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When an :ref:`activity-accept` is received with a :ref:`activity-follow` object, the corresponding follow
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is marked as accepted in the database.
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For library follows, this means that the actor will receive future
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activities occurring within this library, such as :ref:`activity-create` :ref:`object-audio`,
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:ref:`activity-delete` :ref:`object-audio` or :ref:`activity-delete` :ref:`object-library`
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The follow actor will also be able to browse the library pages and download the library's
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audio files. Have a look at :ref:`library-access` for more details.
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Checks
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******
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Before handling the activity, Funkwhale will ensure the accept comes from
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the library's owner.
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.. _activity-undo:
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Undo
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^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`activity-follow` objects
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"type": "Undo",
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"id": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice#follows/99fc40d7-9bc8-4c4a-add1-f637339e1ded/accept",
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"to": ["https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob"],
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"actor": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice",
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"object": {
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"id": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice#follows/99fc40d7-9bc8-4c4a-add1-f637339e1ded",
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"type": "Follow",
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"actor": "https://music.rocks/federation/actors/Alice",
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"object": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6",
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},
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}
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In this example, Alice is notifying Bob she's undoing her follow.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When an undo is received, the corresponding follow is deleted from the database.
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Checks
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******
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Before handling the activity, Funkwhale will ensure the undo actor is the
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follow actor.
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.. _activity-create:
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Create
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^^^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`object-audio` objects
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"to": [
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6/followers"
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],
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"type": "Create",
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"actor": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob",
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"object": {}
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}
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.. note::
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Refer to :ref:`object-audio` to see the structure of the ``object`` attribute.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When a :ref:`activity-create` is received with an :ref:`object-audio` object, Funkwhale will persist
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a local upload and bind it to the proper library and track. If no local track
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match the audio metadata, a track is created using the ``metadata`` attribute
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from the :ref:`object-audio` object.
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Checks
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******
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Before handling the activity, Funkwhale will ensure the activity actor and
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the audio library's actor are the same.
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If no local actor follows the audio's library, the activity will be discarded.
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.. _activity-update:
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Update
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^^^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`object-library` objects
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- :ref:`object-track` objects
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"to": [
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6/followers"
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],
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"type": "Update",
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"actor": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob",
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"object": {}
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}
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.. note::
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Refer to :ref:`object-library` or :ref:`object-track` to see the structure of the ``object`` attribute.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When a :ref:`activity-update` is received with a :ref:`object-library` or :ref:`object-track` object,
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Funkwhale will try to update the local copy of the corresponding object in it's database.
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Checks
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******
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Checks vary depending of the type of object associated with the update.
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For :ref:`object-library` objects, we ensure the actor sending the message is the owner of the library.
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For musical entities such as :ref:`object-track`, we ensure the actor sending the message
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matches the :ref:`property-attributedTo` property declared on the local copy on the object,
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or the :ref:`service-actor`.
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.. _activity-delete:
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Delete
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^^^^^^
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Supported on
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************
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- :ref:`object-audio` objects
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- :ref:`object-Library` objects
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Example (on :ref:`object-Library`)
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**********************************
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"type": "Delete",
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"to": [
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6/followers"
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],
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"actor": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob",
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"object": {
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"type": "Library",
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"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6"
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}
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}
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Example (on :ref:`object-audio`)
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********************************
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
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"https://w3id.org/security/v1",
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{}
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],
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"type": "Delete",
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"to": [
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6/followers"
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],
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"actor": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Bob",
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"object": {
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"type": "Audio",
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"id": [
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/uploads/19420073-3572-48a9-8c6c-b385ee1b7905",
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/uploads/11d99680-23c6-4f72-997a-073b980ab204",
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"https://awesome.music/federation/music/uploads/1efadc1c-a704-4b8a-a71a-b288b1d1f423"
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]
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}
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}
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In this example, Bob notifies the followers of their library that 3 objects were deleted.
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.. note::
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For performance reason, when deleting :ref:`object-audio` objects, Funkwhale supports
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either a list of ids or a single id.
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Internal logic
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**************
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When a :ref:`activity-delete` is received, the corresponding objects are immediately deleted
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from the database.
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Checks
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******
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Before handling deletion, Funkwhale ensures the actor initiating the activity
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is the owner of the deleted :ref:`object-audio` or :ref:`object-Library`.
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Supported objects
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-----------------
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.. _object-artist:
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Artist
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^^^^^^
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.. note::
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This object is not standard.
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"type": "Artist",
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"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/artists/73c32807-a199-4682-8068-e967f734a320",
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"name": "Metallica",
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"published": "2018-04-08T12:19:05.920415+00:00",
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"musicbrainzId": "65f4f0c5-ef9e-490c-aee3-909e7ae6b2ab"
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}
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Structure
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*********
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- **id** (required): a uri identifying the artist over federation
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- **name** (required): a name for the artist
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- **published** (required): the publication date of the artist (on the federation)
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- **musicbrainzId** (optional): the musicbrainz artist id
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.. _object-album:
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Album
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^^^^^
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.. note::
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This object is not standard.
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Example
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*******
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"type": "Album",
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"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/albums/69d488b5-fdf6-4803-b47c-9bb7098ea57e",
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"name": "Ride the Lightning",
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"released": "1984-01-01",
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"published": "2018-10-02T19:49:17.412546+00:00",
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"musicbrainzId": "589ff96d-0be8-3f82-bdd2-299592e51b40",
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"cover": {
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"href": "https://awesome.music/media/albums/covers/2018/10/02/b69d398b5-fdf6-4803-b47c-9bb7098ea57e.jpg",
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"type": "Link",
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"mediaType": "image/jpeg"
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},
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"artists": [
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{}
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]
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}
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Structure
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*********
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- **id** (required): a uri identifying the album over federation
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- **name** (required): the title of the album
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- **artists** (required): a list of :ref:`object-artist` objects involved in the album
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- **published** (required): the publication date of the entity (on the federation)
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- **released** (optional): the release date of the album
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- **musicbrainzId** (optional): the musicbrainz release id
|
|
- **cover** (optional): a `Link` object representing the album cover
|
|
|
|
.. _object-track:
|
|
|
|
Track
|
|
^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This object is not standard.
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: json
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
"type": "Track",
|
|
"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/tracks/82ece296-6397-4e26-be90-bac5f9990240",
|
|
"name": "For Whom the Bell Tolls",
|
|
"position": 3,
|
|
"published": "2018-10-02T19:49:35.822537+00:00",
|
|
"musicbrainzId": "771ab043-8821-44f9-b8e0-2733c3126c6d",
|
|
"artists": [
|
|
{}
|
|
],
|
|
"album": {}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Structure
|
|
*********
|
|
|
|
- **id** (required): a uri identifying the track over federation
|
|
- **name** (required): the title of the track
|
|
- **position** (required): the position of the :ref:`object-track` in the album
|
|
- **published** (required): the publication date of the entity (on the federation)
|
|
- **musicbrainzId** (optional): the musicbrainz recording id
|
|
- **album** (required): the :ref:`object-album` that contains the track
|
|
- **artists** (required): a list of :ref:`object-artist` objects involved in the track (they can differ from the album artists)
|
|
|
|
.. _object-library:
|
|
|
|
Library
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This object is not standard but inherits its behaviour and properties from
|
|
Actor and Collection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: json
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
"type": "Library",
|
|
"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6",
|
|
"attributedTo": "https://awesome.music/federation/actors/Alice",
|
|
"name": "My awesome library",
|
|
"followers": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6/followers",
|
|
"summary": "This library is for restricted use only",
|
|
"totalItems": 4234,
|
|
"first": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6?page=1",
|
|
"last": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6?page=56",
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Structure
|
|
*********
|
|
|
|
- **id** (required): a uri identifying the library over federation
|
|
- **actor** (required): the id of the actor managing the library
|
|
- **name** (required): the name of the library
|
|
- **followers** (required): the id of the library's followers collection
|
|
- **totalItems** (required): the number of audio objects available in the library
|
|
- **first** (required): the URL of the first page of the library
|
|
- **last** (required): the URL of the last page of the library
|
|
- **summary** (optional): a description for the library
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Crawling library pages requires authentication and an approved follow, unless the library is
|
|
public.
|
|
|
|
.. _object-audio:
|
|
|
|
Audio
|
|
^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This object `is specified in ActivityStreams <https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/#dfn-audio>`_,
|
|
but Funkwhale needs non-standard attributes to handle it.
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: json
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
"type": "Audio",
|
|
"id": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/uploads/88f0bc20-d7fd-461d-a641-dd9ac485e096",
|
|
"name": "For Whom the Bell Tolls - Ride the Lightning - Metallica",
|
|
"size": 8656581,
|
|
"bitrate": 320000,
|
|
"duration": 213,
|
|
"library": "https://awesome.music/federation/music/libraries/dc702491-f6ce-441b-9da0-cecbed08bcc6",
|
|
"updated": "2018-10-02T19:49:35.646372+00:00",
|
|
"published": "2018-10-02T19:49:35.646359+00:00",
|
|
"track": {},
|
|
"url": {
|
|
"href": "https://awesome.music/api/v1/listen/82ece296-6397-4e26-be90-bac5f9990240/?upload=88f0bc20-d7fd-461d-a641-dd9ac485e096",
|
|
"type": "Link",
|
|
"mediaType": "audio/mpeg"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Structure
|
|
*********
|
|
|
|
- **id** (required): a uri identifying the audio over federation
|
|
- **name** (required): a human-friendly title for the audio (We concatenate track name, album title and artist name)
|
|
- **size** (required, non-standard): the size of the audio, in bytes
|
|
- **bitrate** (required, non-standard): the bitrate of the audio, in bytes/s
|
|
- **duration** (required): the duration of the audio, in seconds
|
|
- **library** (required, non-standard): the id of the :ref:`object-Library` object that contains the object
|
|
- **published** (required): the publication date of the entity (on the federation)
|
|
- **updated** (required): the last update date of the entity (on the federation)
|
|
- **url** (required): a ``Link`` object with an ``audio/`` mediaType where the audio file is downloadable
|
|
- **track** (required, non-standard): the :ref:`object-track` the :ref:`object-audio` is bound to
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Accessing the Audio file via its url requires authentication and an approved follow on the containing library,
|
|
unless the library is public.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _library-access:
|
|
|
|
Audio fetching on restricted libraries
|
|
--------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
:ref:`object-library` and :ref:`object-audio` url objects may require additional authentication
|
|
to be accessed.
|
|
|
|
For :ref:`object-library` objects:
|
|
|
|
- If the library is public, library pages can be accessed without restriction
|
|
- Otherwise, the HTTP request must be signed by an actor with an approved follow on the library
|
|
|
|
|
|
For :ref:`object-audio` url objects:
|
|
|
|
- If the audio's library is public, audio file can be accessed without restriction
|
|
- Otherwise, the HTTP request must be signed by an actor with an approved follow on the audio's library
|
|
|
|
|
|
Properties
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
.. _property-attributedTo:
|
|
|
|
attributedTo
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Funkwhale will generally use the ``attributedTo`` property to communicate
|
|
who is responsible for a given object. When an object has the ``attributedTo`` attribute,
|
|
the associated actor has the permission to :ref:`activity-update`, :ref:`activity-delete` or
|
|
more generally apply any kind of activity on the object.
|
|
|
|
In addition, Funkwhale consider all the objects of a domain as attributed to its corresponding :ref:`service-actor`.
|