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esp-idf/components/espcoredump/corefile/loader.py

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Python
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#
# Copyright 2021 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO., LTD
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
import base64
import binascii
import hashlib
import logging
import os
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from construct import AlignedStruct, Bytes, GreedyRange, Int32ul, Padding, Struct, abs_, this
from . import ESPCoreDumpLoaderError
from .elf import (TASK_STATUS_CORRECT, TASK_STATUS_TCB_CORRUPTED, ElfFile, ElfSegment, ESPCoreDumpElfFile,
EspTaskStatus, NoteSection)
from .riscv import Esp32c3Methods
from .xtensa import Esp32Methods, Esp32S2Methods, Esp32S3Methods
try:
from typing import Optional, Tuple
except ImportError:
pass
IDF_PATH = os.getenv('IDF_PATH', '')
PARTTOOL_PY = os.path.join(IDF_PATH, 'components', 'partition_table', 'parttool.py')
ESPTOOL_PY = os.path.join(IDF_PATH, 'components', 'esptool_py', 'esptool', 'esptool.py')
# Following structs are based on source code
# components/espcoredump/include_core_dump/esp_core_dump_priv.h
EspCoreDumpV1Header = Struct(
'tot_len' / Int32ul,
'ver' / Int32ul,
'task_num' / Int32ul,
'tcbsz' / Int32ul,
)
EspCoreDumpV2Header = Struct(
'tot_len' / Int32ul,
'ver' / Int32ul,
'task_num' / Int32ul,
'tcbsz' / Int32ul,
'segs_num' / Int32ul,
)
CRC = Int32ul
SHA256 = Bytes(32)
TaskHeader = Struct(
'tcb_addr' / Int32ul,
'stack_top' / Int32ul,
'stack_end' / Int32ul,
)
MemSegmentHeader = Struct(
'mem_start' / Int32ul,
'mem_sz' / Int32ul,
'data' / Bytes(this.mem_sz),
)
class EspCoreDumpVersion(object):
"""Core dump version class, it contains all version-dependent params
"""
# Chip IDs should be in sync with components/esp_hw_support/include/esp_chip_info.h
ESP32 = 0
ESP32S2 = 2
ESP32S3 = 9
XTENSA_CHIPS = [ESP32, ESP32S2, ESP32S3]
ESP32C3 = 5
RISCV_CHIPS = [ESP32C3]
COREDUMP_SUPPORTED_TARGETS = XTENSA_CHIPS + RISCV_CHIPS
def __init__(self, version=None): # type: (Optional[int]) -> None
"""Constructor for core dump version
"""
super(EspCoreDumpVersion, self).__init__()
if version is None:
self.version = 0
else:
self.set_version(version)
@staticmethod
def make_dump_ver(major, minor): # type: (int, int) -> int
return ((major & 0xFF) << 8) | ((minor & 0xFF) << 0)
def set_version(self, version): # type: (int) -> None
self.version = version
@property
def chip_ver(self): # type: () -> int
return (self.version & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16
@property
def dump_ver(self): # type: () -> int
return self.version & 0x0000FFFF
@property
def major(self): # type: () -> int
return (self.version & 0x0000FF00) >> 8
@property
def minor(self): # type: () -> int
return self.version & 0x000000FF
class EspCoreDumpLoader(EspCoreDumpVersion):
# "legacy" stands for core dumps v0.1 (before IDF v4.1)
BIN_V1 = EspCoreDumpVersion.make_dump_ver(0, 1)
BIN_V2 = EspCoreDumpVersion.make_dump_ver(0, 2)
ELF_CRC32 = EspCoreDumpVersion.make_dump_ver(1, 0)
ELF_SHA256 = EspCoreDumpVersion.make_dump_ver(1, 1)
def __init__(self): # type: () -> None
super(EspCoreDumpLoader, self).__init__()
self.core_src_file = None # type: Optional[str]
self.core_src_struct = None
self.core_src = None
self.core_elf_file = None # type: Optional[str]
self.header = None
self.header_struct = EspCoreDumpV1Header
self.checksum_struct = CRC
# target classes will be assigned in ``_reload_coredump``
self.target_methods = Esp32Methods()
self.temp_files = [] # type: list[str]
def _create_temp_file(self): # type: () -> str
t = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('wb', delete=False)
# Here we close this at first to make sure the read/write is wrapped in context manager
# Otherwise the result will be wrong if you read while open in another session
t.close()
self.temp_files.append(t.name)
return t.name
def _load_core_src(self): # type: () -> str
"""
Write core elf into ``self.core_src``,
Return the target str by reading core elf
"""
with open(self.core_src_file, 'rb') as fr: # type: ignore
coredump_bytes = fr.read()
_header = EspCoreDumpV1Header.parse(coredump_bytes) # first we use V1 format to get version
self.set_version(_header.ver)
if self.dump_ver == self.ELF_CRC32:
self.checksum_struct = CRC
self.header_struct = EspCoreDumpV2Header
elif self.dump_ver == self.ELF_SHA256:
self.checksum_struct = SHA256
self.header_struct = EspCoreDumpV2Header
elif self.dump_ver == self.BIN_V1:
self.checksum_struct = CRC
self.header_struct = EspCoreDumpV1Header
elif self.dump_ver == self.BIN_V2:
self.checksum_struct = CRC
self.header_struct = EspCoreDumpV2Header
else:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError('Core dump version "0x%x" is not supported!' % self.dump_ver)
self.core_src_struct = Struct(
'header' / self.header_struct,
'data' / Bytes(this.header.tot_len - self.header_struct.sizeof() - self.checksum_struct.sizeof()),
'checksum' / self.checksum_struct,
)
self.core_src = self.core_src_struct.parse(coredump_bytes) # type: ignore
# Reload header if header struct changes after parsing
if self.header_struct != EspCoreDumpV1Header:
self.header = EspCoreDumpV2Header.parse(coredump_bytes)
if self.chip_ver in self.COREDUMP_SUPPORTED_TARGETS:
if self.chip_ver == self.ESP32:
self.target_methods = Esp32Methods() # type: ignore
elif self.chip_ver == self.ESP32S2:
self.target_methods = Esp32S2Methods() # type: ignore
elif self.chip_ver == self.ESP32C3:
self.target_methods = Esp32c3Methods() # type: ignore
elif self.chip_ver == self.ESP32S3:
self.target_methods = Esp32S3Methods() # type: ignore
else:
raise NotImplementedError
else:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError('Core dump chip "0x%x" is not supported!' % self.chip_ver)
return self.target_methods.TARGET # type: ignore
def _validate_dump_file(self): # type: () -> None
if self.chip_ver not in self.COREDUMP_SUPPORTED_TARGETS:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError('Invalid core dump chip version: "{}", should be <= "0x{:X}"'
.format(self.chip_ver, self.ESP32S2))
if self.checksum_struct == CRC:
self._crc_validate()
elif self.checksum_struct == SHA256:
self._sha256_validate()
def _crc_validate(self): # type: () -> None
data_crc = binascii.crc32(
EspCoreDumpV2Header.build(self.core_src.header) + self.core_src.data) & 0xffffffff # type: ignore
if data_crc != self.core_src.checksum: # type: ignore
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError(
'Invalid core dump CRC %x, should be %x' % (data_crc, self.core_src.crc)) # type: ignore
def _sha256_validate(self): # type: () -> None
data_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(
EspCoreDumpV2Header.build(self.core_src.header) + self.core_src.data) # type: ignore
data_sha256_str = data_sha256.hexdigest()
sha256_str = binascii.hexlify(self.core_src.checksum).decode('ascii') # type: ignore
if data_sha256_str != sha256_str:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError('Invalid core dump SHA256 "{}", should be "{}"'
.format(data_sha256_str, sha256_str))
def create_corefile(self, exe_name=None, e_machine=ESPCoreDumpElfFile.EM_XTENSA):
# type: (Optional[str], int) -> None
"""
Creates core dump ELF file
"""
self._validate_dump_file()
self.core_elf_file = self._create_temp_file()
if self.dump_ver in [self.ELF_CRC32,
self.ELF_SHA256]:
self._extract_elf_corefile(exe_name, e_machine)
elif self.dump_ver in [self.BIN_V1,
self.BIN_V2]:
self._extract_bin_corefile(e_machine)
else:
raise NotImplementedError
def _extract_elf_corefile(self, exe_name=None, e_machine=ESPCoreDumpElfFile.EM_XTENSA): # type: (Optional[str], int) -> None
"""
Reads the ELF formatted core dump image and parse it
"""
with open(self.core_elf_file, 'wb') as fw: # type: ignore
fw.write(self.core_src.data) # type: ignore
core_elf = ESPCoreDumpElfFile(self.core_elf_file, e_machine=e_machine) # type: ignore
# Read note segments from core file which are belong to tasks (TCB or stack)
for seg in core_elf.note_segments:
for note_sec in seg.note_secs:
# Check for version info note
if note_sec.name == b'ESP_CORE_DUMP_INFO' \
and note_sec.type == ESPCoreDumpElfFile.PT_INFO \
and exe_name:
exe_elf = ElfFile(exe_name)
app_sha256 = binascii.hexlify(exe_elf.sha256)
coredump_sha256_struct = Struct(
'ver' / Int32ul,
'sha256' / Bytes(64) # SHA256 as hex string
)
coredump_sha256 = coredump_sha256_struct.parse(note_sec.desc[:coredump_sha256_struct.sizeof()])
logging.debug('App SHA256: {!r}'.format(app_sha256))
logging.debug('Core dump SHA256: {!r}'.format(coredump_sha256))
# Actual coredump SHA may be shorter than a full SHA256 hash
# with NUL byte padding, according to the app's APP_RETRIEVE_LEN_ELF_SHA
# length
core_sha_trimmed = coredump_sha256.sha256.rstrip(b'\x00').decode()
app_sha_trimmed = app_sha256[:len(core_sha_trimmed)].decode()
if core_sha_trimmed != app_sha_trimmed:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError(
'Invalid application image for coredump: coredump SHA256({}) != app SHA256({}).'
.format(core_sha_trimmed, app_sha_trimmed))
if coredump_sha256.ver != self.version:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError(
'Invalid application image for coredump: coredump SHA256 version({}) != app SHA256 version({}).'
.format(coredump_sha256.ver, self.version))
@staticmethod
def _get_aligned_size(size, align_with=4): # type: (int, int) -> int
if size % align_with:
return align_with * (size // align_with + 1)
return size
@staticmethod
def _build_note_section(name, sec_type, desc): # type: (str, int, str) -> bytes
b_name = bytearray(name, encoding='ascii') + b'\0'
return NoteSection.build({ # type: ignore
'namesz': len(b_name),
'descsz': len(desc),
'type': sec_type,
'name': b_name,
'desc': desc,
})
def _extract_bin_corefile(self, e_machine=ESPCoreDumpElfFile.EM_XTENSA): # type: (int) -> None
"""
Creates core dump ELF file
"""
coredump_data_struct = Struct(
'tasks' / GreedyRange(
AlignedStruct(
4,
'task_header' / TaskHeader,
'tcb' / Bytes(self.header.tcbsz), # type: ignore
'stack' / Bytes(abs_(this.task_header.stack_top - this.task_header.stack_end)), # type: ignore
)
),
'mem_seg_headers' / MemSegmentHeader[self.core_src.header.segs_num] # type: ignore
)
core_elf = ESPCoreDumpElfFile(e_machine=e_machine)
notes = b''
core_dump_info_notes = b''
task_info_notes = b''
coredump_data = coredump_data_struct.parse(self.core_src.data) # type: ignore
for i, task in enumerate(coredump_data.tasks):
stack_len_aligned = self._get_aligned_size(abs(task.task_header.stack_top - task.task_header.stack_end))
task_status_kwargs = {
'task_index': i,
'task_flags': TASK_STATUS_CORRECT,
'task_tcb_addr': task.task_header.tcb_addr,
'task_stack_start': min(task.task_header.stack_top, task.task_header.stack_end),
'task_stack_end': max(task.task_header.stack_top, task.task_header.stack_end),
'task_stack_len': stack_len_aligned,
'task_name': Padding(16).build({}) # currently we don't have task_name, keep it as padding
}
# Write TCB
try:
if self.target_methods.tcb_is_sane(task.task_header.tcb_addr, self.header.tcbsz): # type: ignore
core_elf.add_segment(task.task_header.tcb_addr,
task.tcb,
ElfFile.PT_LOAD,
ElfSegment.PF_R | ElfSegment.PF_W)
elif task.task_header.tcb_addr and self.target_methods.addr_is_fake(task.task_header.tcb_addr):
task_status_kwargs['task_flags'] |= TASK_STATUS_TCB_CORRUPTED
except ESPCoreDumpLoaderError as e:
logging.warning('Skip TCB {} bytes @ 0x{:x}. (Reason: {})'
.format(self.header.tcbsz, task.task_header.tcb_addr, e)) # type: ignore
# Write stack
try:
if self.target_methods.stack_is_sane(task_status_kwargs['task_stack_start'],
task_status_kwargs['task_stack_end']):
core_elf.add_segment(task_status_kwargs['task_stack_start'],
task.stack,
ElfFile.PT_LOAD,
ElfSegment.PF_R | ElfSegment.PF_W)
elif (task_status_kwargs['task_stack_start']
and self.target_methods.addr_is_fake(task_status_kwargs['task_stack_start'])):
task_status_kwargs['task_flags'] |= TASK_STATUS_TCB_CORRUPTED
core_elf.add_segment(task_status_kwargs['task_stack_start'],
task.stack,
ElfFile.PT_LOAD,
ElfSegment.PF_R | ElfSegment.PF_W)
except ESPCoreDumpLoaderError as e:
logging.warning('Skip task\'s ({:x}) stack {} bytes @ 0x{:x}. (Reason: {})'
.format(task_status_kwargs['tcb_addr'],
task_status_kwargs['stack_len_aligned'],
task_status_kwargs['stack_base'],
e))
try:
logging.debug('Stack start_end: 0x{:x} @ 0x{:x}'
.format(task.task_header.stack_top, task.task_header.stack_end))
task_regs, extra_regs = self.target_methods.get_registers_from_stack(
task.stack,
task.task_header.stack_end > task.task_header.stack_top
)
except Exception as e:
raise ESPCoreDumpLoaderError(str(e))
task_info_notes += self._build_note_section('TASK_INFO',
ESPCoreDumpElfFile.PT_TASK_INFO,
EspTaskStatus.build(task_status_kwargs))
notes += self._build_note_section('CORE',
ElfFile.PT_LOAD,
self.target_methods.build_prstatus_data(task.task_header.tcb_addr,
task_regs))
if len(core_dump_info_notes) == 0: # the first task is the crashed task
core_dump_info_notes += self._build_note_section('ESP_CORE_DUMP_INFO',
ESPCoreDumpElfFile.PT_INFO,
Int32ul.build(self.header.ver)) # type: ignore
_regs = [task.task_header.tcb_addr]
# For xtensa, we need to put the exception registers into the extra info as well
if e_machine == ESPCoreDumpElfFile.EM_XTENSA and extra_regs:
for reg_id in extra_regs:
_regs.extend([reg_id, extra_regs[reg_id]])
core_dump_info_notes += self._build_note_section(
'EXTRA_INFO',
ESPCoreDumpElfFile.PT_EXTRA_INFO,
Int32ul[len(_regs)].build(_regs)
)
if self.dump_ver == self.BIN_V2:
for header in coredump_data.mem_seg_headers:
logging.debug('Read memory segment {} bytes @ 0x{:x}'.format(header.mem_sz, header.mem_start))
core_elf.add_segment(header.mem_start, header.data, ElfFile.PT_LOAD, ElfSegment.PF_R | ElfSegment.PF_W)
# add notes
try:
core_elf.add_segment(0, notes, ElfFile.PT_NOTE, 0)
except ESPCoreDumpLoaderError as e:
logging.warning('Skip NOTES segment {:d} bytes @ 0x{:x}. (Reason: {})'.format(len(notes), 0, e))
# add core dump info notes
try:
core_elf.add_segment(0, core_dump_info_notes, ElfFile.PT_NOTE, 0)
except ESPCoreDumpLoaderError as e:
logging.warning('Skip core dump info NOTES segment {:d} bytes @ 0x{:x}. (Reason: {})'
.format(len(core_dump_info_notes), 0, e))
try:
core_elf.add_segment(0, task_info_notes, ElfFile.PT_NOTE, 0)
except ESPCoreDumpLoaderError as e:
logging.warning('Skip failed tasks info NOTES segment {:d} bytes @ 0x{:x}. (Reason: {})'
.format(len(task_info_notes), 0, e))
# dump core ELF
core_elf.e_type = ElfFile.ET_CORE
core_elf.dump(self.core_elf_file) # type: ignore
class ESPCoreDumpFlashLoader(EspCoreDumpLoader):
ESP_COREDUMP_PART_TABLE_OFF = 0x8000
def __init__(self, offset, target=None, port=None, baud=None, part_table_offset=None):
# type: (int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[int], Optional[int]) -> None
super(ESPCoreDumpFlashLoader, self).__init__()
self.port = port
self.baud = baud
self.part_table_offset = part_table_offset
self._get_core_src(offset, target)
self.target = self._load_core_src()
def _get_core_src(self, off, target=None): # type: (int, Optional[str]) -> None
"""
Loads core dump from flash using parttool or elftool (if offset is set)
"""
try:
if off:
logging.info('Invoke esptool to read image.')
self._invoke_esptool(off=off, target=target)
else:
logging.info('Invoke parttool to read image.')
self._invoke_parttool()
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
if e.output:
logging.info(e.output)
logging.error('Error during the subprocess execution')
def _invoke_esptool(self, off=None, target=None): # type: (Optional[int], Optional[str]) -> None
"""
Loads core dump from flash using elftool
"""
if target is None:
target = 'auto'
tool_args = [sys.executable, ESPTOOL_PY, '-c', target]
if self.port:
tool_args.extend(['-p', self.port])
if self.baud:
tool_args.extend(['-b', str(self.baud)])
self.core_src_file = self._create_temp_file()
try:
(part_offset, part_size) = self._get_core_dump_partition_info()
if not off:
off = part_offset # set default offset if not specified
logging.warning('The core dump image offset is not specified. Use partition offset: %d.', part_offset)
if part_offset != off:
logging.warning('Predefined image offset: %d does not match core dump partition offset: %d', off,
part_offset)
# Here we use V1 format to locate the size
tool_args.extend(['read_flash', str(off), str(EspCoreDumpV1Header.sizeof())])
tool_args.append(self.core_src_file) # type: ignore
# read core dump length
et_out = subprocess.check_output(tool_args)
if et_out:
logging.info(et_out.decode('utf-8'))
header = EspCoreDumpV1Header.parse(open(self.core_src_file, 'rb').read()) # type: ignore
if not header or not 0 < header.tot_len <= part_size:
logging.error('Incorrect size of core dump image: {}, use partition size instead: {}'
.format(header.tot_len, part_size))
coredump_len = part_size
else:
coredump_len = header.tot_len
# set actual size of core dump image and read it from flash
tool_args[-2] = str(coredump_len)
et_out = subprocess.check_output(tool_args)
if et_out:
logging.info(et_out.decode('utf-8'))
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logging.error('esptool script execution failed with err %d', e.returncode)
logging.debug("Command ran: '%s'", e.cmd)
logging.debug('Command out:')
logging.debug(e.output)
raise e
def _invoke_parttool(self): # type: () -> None
"""
Loads core dump from flash using parttool
"""
tool_args = [sys.executable, PARTTOOL_PY]
if self.port:
tool_args.extend(['--port', self.port])
if self.part_table_offset:
tool_args.extend(['--partition-table-offset', str(self.part_table_offset)])
tool_args.extend(['read_partition', '--partition-type', 'data', '--partition-subtype', 'coredump', '--output'])
self.core_src_file = self._create_temp_file()
try:
tool_args.append(self.core_src_file) # type: ignore
# read core dump partition
print(f"Running {' '.join(tool_args)}")
et_out = subprocess.check_output(tool_args)
if et_out:
logging.info(et_out.decode('utf-8'))
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logging.error('parttool script execution failed with err %d', e.returncode)
logging.debug("Command ran: '%s'", e.cmd)
logging.debug('Command out:')
logging.debug(e.output)
raise e
def _get_core_dump_partition_info(self, part_off=None): # type: (Optional[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]
"""
Get core dump partition info using parttool
"""
logging.info('Retrieving core dump partition offset and size...')
part_off = part_off or self.part_table_offset or self.ESP_COREDUMP_PART_TABLE_OFF
try:
tool_args = [sys.executable, PARTTOOL_PY, '-q', '--partition-table-offset', str(part_off)]
if self.port:
tool_args.extend(['--port', self.port])
invoke_args = tool_args + ['get_partition_info', '--partition-type', 'data',
'--partition-subtype', 'coredump',
'--info', 'offset', 'size']
res = subprocess.check_output(invoke_args).strip()
(offset_str, size_str) = res.rsplit(b'\n')[-1].split(b' ')
size = int(size_str, 16)
offset = int(offset_str, 16)
logging.info('Core dump partition offset=%d, size=%d', offset, size)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logging.error('parttool get partition info failed with err %d', e.returncode)
logging.debug("Command ran: '%s'", e.cmd)
logging.debug('Command out:')
logging.debug(e.output)
logging.error('Check if the coredump partition exists in partition table.')
raise e
return offset, size
class ESPCoreDumpFileLoader(EspCoreDumpLoader):
def __init__(self, path, is_b64=False): # type: (str, bool) -> None
super(ESPCoreDumpFileLoader, self).__init__()
self.is_b64 = is_b64
self._get_core_src(path)
self.target = self._load_core_src()
def _get_core_src(self, path): # type: (str) -> None
"""
Loads core dump from (raw binary or base64-encoded) file
"""
logging.debug('Load core dump from "%s", %s format', path, 'b64' if self.is_b64 else 'raw')
if not self.is_b64:
self.core_src_file = path
else:
self.core_src_file = self._create_temp_file()
with open(self.core_src_file, 'wb') as fw:
with open(path, 'rb') as fb64:
while True:
line = fb64.readline()
if len(line) == 0:
break
data = base64.standard_b64decode(line.rstrip(b'\r\n'))
fw.write(data) # type: ignore
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