kopia lustrzana https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf
155 wiersze
6.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
155 wiersze
6.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
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=============================================
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The HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) module provides hardware acceleration for SHA256-HMAC generation using a key burned into an eFuse block.
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HMACs work with pre-shared secret keys and provide authenticity and integrity to a message.
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For more detailed information on the application workflow and the HMAC calculation process, see *{IDF_TARGET_NAME} Technical Reference Manual* > *HMAC Accelerator (HMAC)* [`PDF <{IDF_TARGET_TRM_EN_URL}#hmac>`__].
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Generalized Application Scheme
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------------------------------
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Let there be two parties, A and B. They want to verify the authenticity and integrity of messages sent between each other.
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Before they can start sending messages, they need to exchange the secret key via a secure channel.
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To verify A's messages, B can do the following:
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- A calculates the HMAC of the message it wants to send.
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- A sends the message and the HMAC to B.
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- B calculates HMAC of the received message itself.
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- B checks wether the received and calculated HMACs match.
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If they do match, the message is authentic.
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However, the HMAC itself isn't bound to this use case.
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It can also be used for challenge-response protocols supporting HMAC or as a key input for further security modules (see below), etc.
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HMAC on the {IDF_TARGET_NAME}
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-----------------------------
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On the {IDF_TARGET_NAME}, the HMAC module works with a secret key burnt into the eFuses.
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This eFuse key can be made completely inaccessible for any resources outside the cryptographic modules, thus avoiding key leakage.
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Furthermore, the {IDF_TARGET_NAME} has three different application scenarios for its HMAC module:
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#. HMAC is generated for software use
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#. HMAC is used as a key for the Digital Signature (DS) module
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#. HMAC is used for enabling the soft-disabled JTAG interface
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The first mode is also called *Upstream* mode, while the last two modes are also called *Downstream* modes.
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eFuse Keys for HMAC
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Six physical eFuse blocks can be used as keys for the HMAC module: block 4 up to block 9.
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The enum :cpp:enum:`hmac_key_id_t` in the API maps them to `HMAC_KEY0 ... HMAC_KEY5`.
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Each key has a corresponding eFuse parameter *key purpose* determining for which of the three HMAC application scenarios (see below) the key may be used:
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 15 70
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:header-rows: 1
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* - Key Purpose
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- Application Scenario
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* - 8
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- HMAC generated for software use
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* - 7
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- HMAC used as a key for the Digital Signature (DS) module
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* - 6
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- HMAC used for enabling the soft-disabled JTAG interface
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* - 5
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- HMAC both as a key for the DS module and for enabling JTAG
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This is to prevent the usage of a key for a different function than originally intended.
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To calculate an HMAC, the software has to provide the ID of the key block containing the secret key as well as the *key purpose* (see *{IDF_TARGET_NAME} Technical Reference Manual* > *eFuse Controller (eFuse)* [`PDF <{IDF_TARGET_TRM_EN_URL}#efuse>`__]).
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Before the HMAC key calculation, the HMAC module looks up the purpose of the provided key block.
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The calculation only proceeds if the provided key purpose matches the purpose stored in the eFuses of the key block provided by the ID.
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HMAC Generation for Software
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Key Purpose value: 8
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In this case, the HMAC is given out to the software (e.g. to authenticate a message).
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The API to calculate the HMAC is :cpp:func:`esp_hmac_calculate`.
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Only the message, message length and the eFuse key block ID have to be provided to that function.
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The rest, like setting the key purpose, is done automatically.
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HMAC for Digital Signature
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Key Purpose values: 7, 5
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The HMAC can be used as a key derivation function to decrypt private key parameters which are used by the Digital Signature module.
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A standard message is used by the hardware in that case.
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The user only needs to provide the eFuse key block and purpose on the HMAC side (additional parameters are required for the Digital Signature component in that case).
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Neither the key nor the actual HMAC are ever exposed to outside the HMAC module and DS component.
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The calculation of the HMAC and its hand-over to the DS component happen internally.
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For more details, see *{IDF_TARGET_NAME} Technical Reference Manual* > *Digital Signature (DS)* [`PDF <{IDF_TARGET_TRM_EN_URL}#digsig>`__].
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HMAC for Enabling JTAG
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Key Purpose values: 6, 5
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The third application is using the HMAC as a key to enable JTAG if it was soft-disabled before.
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Following is the procedure to re-enable the JTAG
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Setup
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1. Generate a 256-bit HMAC secret key to use for JTAG re-enable.
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2. Write the key to an eFuse block with key purpose HMAC_DOWN_ALL (5) or HMAC_DOWN_JTAG (6). This can be done using the ets_efuse_write_key() function in the firmware or using espefuse.py from the host.
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3. Configure the eFuse key block to be read protected using the esp_efuse_set_read_protect(), so that software cannot read back the value.
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4. Burn the "soft JTAG disable" bit by esp_efuse_write_field_bit(ESP_EFUSE_SOFT_DIS_JTAG). This will permanently disable JTAG unless the correct key value is provided by software.
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JTAG enable
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1. The key to re-enable JTAG is the output of the HMAC-SHA256 function using the secret key in eFuse and 32 0x00 bytes as the message.
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2. Pass this key value when calling the :cpp:func:`esp_hmac_jtag_enable` function from the firmware.
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3. To re-disable JTAG in the firmware, reset the system or call :cpp:func:`esp_hmac_jtag_disable`.
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For more details, see *{IDF_TARGET_NAME} Technical Reference Manual* > *HMAC Accelerator (HMAC)* [`PDF <{IDF_TARGET_TRM_EN_URL}#hmac>`__].
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Application Outline
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-------------------
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Following code is an outline of how to set an eFuse key and then use it to calculate an HMAC for software usage.
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We use `ets_efuse_write_key` to set physical key block 4 in the eFuse for the HMAC module together with its purpose.
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`ETS_EFUSE_KEY_PURPOSE_HMAC_UP` (8) means that this key can only be used for HMAC generation for software usage:
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.. code-block:: c
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#include "{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}/rom/efuse.h"
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const uint8_t key_data[32] = { ... };
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int ets_status = ets_efuse_write_key(ETS_EFUSE_BLOCK_KEY4,
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ETS_EFUSE_KEY_PURPOSE_HMAC_UP,
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key_data, sizeof(key_data));
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if (ets_status == ESP_OK) {
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// written key
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} else {
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// writing key failed, maybe written already
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}
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Now we can use the saved key to calculate an HMAC for software usage.
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.. code-block:: c
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#include "esp_hmac.h"
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uint8_t hmac[32];
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const char *message = "Hello, HMAC!";
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const size_t msg_len = 12;
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esp_err_t result = esp_hmac_calculate(HMAC_KEY4, message, msg_len, hmac);
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if (result == ESP_OK) {
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// HMAC written to hmac now
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} else {
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// failure calculating HMAC
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}
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API Reference
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-------------
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.. include-build-file:: inc/esp_hmac.inc
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