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README.md
Wi-Fi Provisioning Manager Example
(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)
wifi_prov_mgr
example demonstrates the usage of wifi_provisioning
manager component for building a provisioning application.
For this example, BLE is chosen as the default mode of transport, over which the provisioning related communication is to take place. NimBLE has been configured as the default host, but you can also switch to Bluedroid using menuconfig -> Components -> Bluetooth -> Bluetooth Host.
Note: Since ESP32-S2 does not support BLE, the SoftAP will be the default mode of transport in that case. Even for ESP32, you can change to SoftAP transport from menuconfig.
In the provisioning process the device is configured as a Wi-Fi station with specified credentials. Once configured, the device will retain the Wi-Fi configuration, until a flash erase is performed.
Right after provisioning is complete, BLE is turned off and disabled to free the memory used by the BLE stack. Though, that is specific to this example, and the user can choose to keep BLE stack intact in their own application.
wifi_prov_mgr
uses the following components :
wifi_provisioning
: provides manager, data structures and protocomm endpoint handlers for Wi-Fi configurationprotocomm
: for protocol based communication and secure session establishmentprotobuf
: Google's protocol buffer library for serialization of protocomm data structuresbt
: ESP32 BLE stack for transport of protobuf packets
This example can be used, as it is, for adding a provisioning service to any application intended for IoT.
How to use example
Hardware Required
Example should be able to run on any commonly available ESP32/ESP32-S2 development board.
Application Required
Provisioning applications are available for various platforms. See below
Platform : Android
For Android, a provisioning application along with source code is available on GitHub : esp-idf-provisioning-android
Platform : iOS
For iOS, a provisioning application along with source code is available on GitHub : esp-idf-provisioning-ios
Platform : Linux / Windows / macOS
To provision the device running this example, the esp_prov.py
script needs to be run (found under $IDF_PATH/tools/esp_prov
). Make sure to satisfy all the dependencies prior to running the script.
Presently, esp_prov
supports BLE transport only for Linux platform. For Windows/macOS it falls back to console mode and requires another application (for BLE) through which the communication can take place.
There are various applications, specific to Windows and macOS platform which can be used. The esp_prov
console will guide you through the provisioning process of locating the correct BLE GATT services and characteristics, the values to write, and input read values.
Configure the project
idf.py menuconfig
- Set the BLE/Soft AP transport under "Example Configuration" options. ESP32-S2 will have only SoftAP option.
- Set serial port under Serial Flasher Options.
Build and Flash
Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
(To exit the serial monitor, type Ctrl-]
.)
See the Getting Started Guide for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.
Example Output
I (445) app: Starting provisioning
I (1035) app: Provisioning started
I (1045) wifi_prov_mgr: Provisioning started with service name : PROV_261FCC
Make sure to note down the BLE device name (starting with PROV_
) displayed in the serial monitor log (eg. PROV_261FCC). This will depend on the MAC ID and will be unique for every device.
In a separate terminal run the esp_prov.py
script under $IDP_PATH/tools/esp_prov
directory (make sure to replace myssid
and mypassword
with the credentials of the AP to which the device is supposed to connect to after provisioning). Assuming default example configuration, which uses protocomm security scheme 1 and proof of possession PoP based authentication :
python esp_prov.py --transport ble --service_name PROV_261FCC --sec_ver 1 --pop abcd1234 --ssid myssid --passphrase mypassword
Above command will perform the provisioning steps, and the monitor log should display something like this :
I (39725) app: Received Wi-Fi credentials
SSID : myssid
Password : mypassword
.
.
.
I (45335) tcpip_adapter: sta ip: 192.168.43.243, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.43.1
I (45345) app: Provisioning successful
I (45345) app: Connected with IP Address:192.168.43.243
I (46355) app: Hello World!
I (47355) app: Hello World!
I (48355) app: Hello World!
I (49355) app: Hello World!
.
.
.
I (52315) wifi_prov_mgr: Provisioning stopped
.
.
.
I (52355) app: Hello World!
I (53355) app: Hello World!
I (54355) app: Hello World!
I (55355) app: Hello World!
Wi-Fi Scanning
Provisioning manager also supports providing real-time Wi-Fi scan results (performed on the device) during provisioning. This allows the client side applications to choose the AP for which the device Wi-Fi station is to be configured. Various information about the visible APs is available, like signal strength (RSSI) and security type, etc. Also, the manager now provides capabilities information which can be used by client applications to determine the security type and availability of specific features (like wifi_scan
).
When using the scan based provisioning, we don't need to specify the --ssid
and --passphrase
fields explicitly:
python esp_prov.py --transport ble --service_name PROV_261FCC --pop abcd1234
See below the sample output from esp_prov
tool on running above command:
Connecting...
Connected
Getting Services...
Security scheme determined to be : 1
==== Starting Session ====
==== Session Established ====
==== Scanning Wi-Fi APs ====
++++ Scan process executed in 1.9967520237 sec
++++ Scan results : 5
++++ Scan finished in 2.7374596596 sec
==== Wi-Fi Scan results ====
S.N. SSID BSSID CHN RSSI AUTH
[ 1] MyHomeWiFiAP 788a20841996 1 -45 WPA2_PSK
[ 2] MobileHotspot 7a8a20841996 11 -46 WPA2_PSK
[ 3] MyHomeWiFiAP 788a208daa26 11 -54 WPA2_PSK
[ 4] NeighborsWiFiAP 8a8a20841996 6 -61 WPA2_PSK
[ 5] InsecureWiFiAP dca4caf1227c 7 -74 Open
Select AP by number (0 to rescan) : 1
Enter passphrase for MyHomeWiFiAP :
==== Sending Wi-Fi credential to esp32 ====
==== Wi-Fi Credentials sent successfully ====
==== Applying config to esp32 ====
==== Apply config sent successfully ====
==== Wi-Fi connection state ====
++++ WiFi state: connected ++++
==== Provisioning was successful ====
Sending Custom Data
The provisioning manager allows applications to send some custom data during provisioning, which may be required for some other operations like connecting to some cloud service. This is achieved by creating and registering additional endpoints using the below APIs
wifi_prov_mgr_endpoint_create();
wifi_prov_mgr_endpoint_register();
In this particular example, we have added an endpoint named "custom-data" which can be tested
by passing the --custom_data <MyCustomData>
option to the esp_prov tool. Following output is
expected on success:
==== Sending Custom data to esp32 ====
CustomData response: SUCCESS
Troubleshooting
Provisioning failed
It is possible that the Wi-Fi credentials provided were incorrect, or the device was not able to establish connection to the network, in which the the esp_prov
script will notify failure (with reason). Serial monitor log will display the failure along with disconnect reason :
E (367015) app: Provisioning failed!
Reason : Wi-Fi AP password incorrect
Please reset to factory and retry provisioning
Once credentials have been applied, even though wrong credentials were provided, the device will no longer go into provisioning mode on subsequent reboots until NVS is erased (see following section).
Provisioning does not start
If the serial monitor log shows the following :
I (465) app: Already provisioned, starting Wi-Fi STA
it means either the device has been provisioned earlier with or without success (e.g. scenario covered in above section), or that the Wi-Fi credentials were already set by some other application flashed previously onto your device. On setting the log level to DEBUG this is clearly evident :
D (455) wifi_prov_mgr: Found Wi-Fi SSID : myssid
D (465) wifi_prov_mgr: Found Wi-Fi Password : m********d
I (465) app: Already provisioned, starting Wi-Fi STA
To fix this we simple need to erase the NVS partition from flash. First we need to find out its address and size. This can be seen from the monitor log on the top right after reboot.
I (47) boot: Partition Table:
I (50) boot: ## Label Usage Type ST Offset Length
I (58) boot: 0 nvs WiFi data 01 02 00009000 00006000
I (65) boot: 1 phy_init RF data 01 01 0000f000 00001000
I (73) boot: 2 factory factory app 00 00 00010000 00124f80
I (80) boot: End of partition table
Now erase NVS partition by running the following commands :
$IDF_PATH/components/esptool_py/esptool/esptool.py erase_region 0x9000 0x6000
Unsupported platform
If the platform requirement, for running esp_prov
is not satisfied, then the script execution will fallback to console mode, in which case the full process (involving user inputs) will look like this :
==== Esp_Prov Version: v1.0 ====
BLE client is running in console mode
This could be due to your platform not being supported or dependencies not being met
Please ensure all pre-requisites are met to run the full fledged client
BLECLI >> Please connect to BLE device `PROV_261FCC` manually using your tool of choice
BLECLI >> Was the device connected successfully? [y/n] y
BLECLI >> List available attributes of the connected device
BLECLI >> Is the service UUID '0000ffff-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' listed among available attributes? [y/n] y
BLECLI >> Is the characteristic UUID '0000ff53-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' listed among available attributes? [y/n] y
BLECLI >> Is the characteristic UUID '0000ff51-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' listed among available attributes? [y/n] y
BLECLI >> Is the characteristic UUID '0000ff52-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' listed among available attributes? [y/n] y
==== Verifying protocol version ====
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff53-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 56302e31
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 53554343455353
==== Verified protocol version successfully ====
==== Starting Session ====
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff51-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 10015a25a201220a20ae6d9d5d1029f8c366892252d2d5a0ffa7ce1ee5829312545dd5f2aba057294d
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 10015a390801aa0134122048008bfc365fad4753dc75912e0c764d60749cb26dd609595b6fbc72e12614031a1089733af233c7448e7d7fb7963682c6d8
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff51-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 10015a270802b2012212204051088dc294fe4621fac934a8ea22e948fcc3e8ac458aac088ce705c65dbfb9
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 10015a270803ba01221a20c8d38059d5206a3d92642973ac6ba8ac2f6ecf2b7a3632964eb35a0f20133adb
==== Session Established ====
==== Sending Wifi credential to esp32 ====
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff52-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 98471ac4019a46765c28d87df8c8ae71c1ae6cfe0bc9c615bc6d2c
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 3271f39a
==== Wifi Credentials sent successfully ====
==== Applying config to esp32 ====
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff52-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 5355
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 1664db24
==== Apply config sent successfully ====
==== Wifi connection state ====
BLECLI >> Write following data to characteristic with UUID '0000ff52-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb' :
>> 290d
BLECLI >> Enter data read from characteristic (in hex) :
<< 505f72a9f8521025c1964d7789c4d7edc56aedebd144e1b667bc7c0975757b80cc091aa9f3e95b06eaefbc30290fa1
++++ WiFi state: connected ++++
==== Provisioning was successful ====
The write data is to be copied from the console output >>
to the platform specific application and the data read from the application is to be pasted at the user input prompt <<
of the console, in the format (hex) indicated in above sample log.