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README.md

OpenThread Border Router Example

Overview

This example demonstrates an OpenThread border router.

How to use example

Hardware Required

The following SoCs are required to run this example:

  • An ESP32 series Wi-Fi SoC (ESP32, ESP32-C, ESP32-S, etc) loaded with this ot_br example.
  • An ESP32-H2 802.15.4 SoC loaded with ot_rcp example.
  • Another ESP32-H2 SoC loaded with ot_cli example. Enable OPENTHREAD_JOINER option in menuconfig before compiling the example.

Connect the two SoCs via UART, below is an example setup with ESP32 DevKitC and ESP32-H2 DevKitC: thread_br

ESP32 pin ESP32-H2 pin
GND G
GPIO4 TX
GPIO5 RX

Configure the project

idf.py menuconfig

Two ways are provided to setup the Thread Border Router in this example:

  • Auto Start Enable OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START, configure the CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID and CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASSWORD with your access point's ssid and psk. The device will connect to Wi-Fi and form a Thread network automatically after bootup.

  • Manual mode Disable OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START and enable OPENTHREAD_CLI_ESP_EXTENSION. wifi command will be added for connecting the device to the Wi-Fi network.

Build, Flash, and Run

Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:

idf.py -p PORT build flash monitor

If the OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START option is enabled, The device will be connected to the configured Wi-Fi and Thread network automatically then act as the border router.

Otherwise, you need to manually configure the networks with CLI commands.

wifi command can be used to configure the Wi-Fi network.

> wifi
--wifi parameter---
connect
-s                   :     wifi ssid
-p                   :     wifi psk
---example---
join a wifi:
ssid: threadcertAP
psk: threadcertAP    :     wifi connect -s threadcertAP -p threadcertAP
state                :     get wifi state, disconnect or connect
---example---
get wifi state       :     wifi state
Done

To join a Wi-Fi network, please use the wifi connect command:

> wifi connect -s threadcertAP -p threadcertAP
ssid: threadcertAP
psk: threadcertAP
I (11331) wifi:wifi driver task: 3ffd06e4, prio:23, stack:6656, core=0
I (11331) system_api: Base MAC address is not set
I (11331) system_api: read default base MAC address from EFUSE
I (11341) wifi:wifi firmware version: 45c46a4
I (11341) wifi:wifi certification version: v7.0


..........

I (13741) esp_netif_handlers: sta ip: 192.168.3.10, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.3.1
W (13771) wifi:<ba-add>idx:0 (ifx:0, 02:0f:c1:32:3b:2b), tid:0, ssn:2, winSize:64
wifi sta is connected successfully
Done

To get the state of the Wi-Fi network:

> wifi state
connected
Done

For forming the Thread network, please refer to the ot_cli_README.

Example Output

I (2729) esp_netif_handlers: example_connect: sta ip: 192.168.1.100, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.1.1
I (2729) example_connect: Got IPv4 event: Interface "example_connect: sta" address: 192.168.1.100
I (3729) example_connect: Got IPv6 event: Interface "example_connect: sta" address: fe80:0000:0000:0000:266f:28ff:fe80:2920, type: ESP_IP6_ADDR_IS_LINK_LOCAL
I (3729) example_connect: Connected to example_connect: sta
I (3739) example_connect: - IPv4 address: 192.168.1.100
I (3739) example_connect: - IPv6 address: fe80:0000:0000:0000:266f:28ff:fe80:2920, type: ESP_IP6_ADDR_IS_LINK_LOCAL

......


I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MLE-----: AttachState ParentReqReeds -> Idle
I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: Allocate router id 50
I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: RLOC16 fffe -> c800
I(8159) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: Role Detached -> Leader

Using the border agent feature

You need to build ot-commissioner on the host machine and another Thread end device running OpenThread cli.

You can find the guide to build and run ot-commissioner here.

Make sure to configure the same PSKc as the one in sdkconfig in ot-commisioner's config file non-ccm-config.json

Connect the commissioner to the border router

Note that the target address 192.168.1.100 shall match the actual Wi-Fi IP address of the device. 49154 is a port number used by the OT commissioner.

$ commissioner-cli /usr/local/etc/commissioner/non-ccm-config.json
> start 192.168.1.100 49154
[done]
> active
true
[done]

You can also verify the commissioner connection from the border router's log:

I(59709) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: DTLS started
I(65469) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Commissioner connected
I(65479) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Forwarded request to leader on c/lp
I(65489) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: received petition
I(65489) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: sent petition response
I(65489) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: commissioner accepted: session ID=3077, ALOC=fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:fc35
I(65499) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent to commissioner
I(65509) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-CORE----: Notifier: StateChanged (0x00000201) [Ip6+ NetData]
I(65529) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-BBR-----: PBBR state: None
I(65539) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-BBR-----: Domain Prefix: ::/0, state: None
I(65559) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Forwarded request to leader on c/ag
W(65559) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65579) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: sent active dataset get response to fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:c800
W(65579) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65589) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent to commissioner
I(65629) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Forwarded request to leader on c/ag
W(65629) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65649) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: sent active dataset get response to fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:c800
W(65649) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65659) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent to commissioner
I(65689) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Proxy transmit sent to fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:fc00
W(65689) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65699) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: sent pending dataset get response to fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:fc35
I(65709) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent to commissioner on c/ur
I(65749) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Proxy transmit sent to fd04:b642:9ba9:fcdc:0:ff:fe00:fc00
W(65749) OPENTHREAD:[WARN]-MESH-CP-: Failed to notify commissioner on ProxyRx (c/ur): DestinationAddressFiltered
I(65759) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: sent commissioning dataset set response
I(65769) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent to commissioner on c/ur
I(65769) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-CORE----: Notifier: StateChanged (0x00000200) [NetData]
I(65789) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-BBR-----: PBBR state: None

Commission the joiner

In the OT commissioner cli, run:

> joiner enableall meshcop J01NU5
[done]
>

In the joining device's cli, run:

> ifconfig up
Done
> joiner start J01NU5
Done
> Join success!
> thread start
Done

You can also find these log lines in the border router:

I(531219) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Received relay transmit
I(531229) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Received kek
I(531279) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MAC-----: Sent IPv6 UDP msg, len:85, chksum:14a0, to:92335c4b320830fb, sec:no, prio:net
I(531279) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MAC-----:     src:[fe80:0:0:0:ac2f:720a:6fe4:c837]:1000
I(531289) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MAC-----:     dst:[fe80:0:0:0:9033:5c4b:3208:30fb]:1000
I(531299) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sending JOIN_ENT.ntf
I(531299) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MESH-CP-: Sent joiner entrust length = 161

......

I(552699) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MLE-----: Receive Child ID Request (fe80:0:0:0:8434:c5ec:fe9f:c088)
I(552729) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-CORE----: [settings] Added ChildInfo {rloc:0xc801, extaddr:8634c5ecfe9fc088, timeout:240, mode:0x0f, version:3}
I(552729) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MLE-----: Send Child ID Response (fe80:0:0:0:8434:c5ec:fe9f:c088,0xc801)
I(552739) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-CORE----: Notifier: StateChanged (0x00000400) [Child+]
I(552749) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-UTIL----: Starting Child Supervision

The device has now joined the same Thread network based on the key set by the commissioner.

Bidirectional IPv6 connectivity

The border router will automatically publish the prefix and the route table rule to the Wi-Fi network via ICMPv6 router advertisement packages.

Host configuration

The automatically configure your host's route table rules you need to set these sysctl options:

Please replace wlan0 with the real name of your Wi-Fi network interface.

sudo sysctl -w net/ipv6/conf/wlan0/accept_ra=2
sudo sysctl -w net/ipv6/conf/wlan0/accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen=128

For mobile devices, the route table rules will be automatically configured after iOS 14 and Android 8.1.

Testing IPv6 connectivity

Now in the joining device, check the IP addresses:

> ipaddr                                                              
fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:c402                                       
fdde:ad00:beef:0:ad4a:9a9a:3cd6:e423
fe80:0:0:0:f011:2951:569e:9c4a

You'll notice an IPv6 global prefix with only on address assigned under it. This is the routable address of this Thread node. You can ping this address on your host:

$ ping fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
PING fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5(fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=459 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=109 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=119 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=117 ms

Service discovery

The newly introduced service registration protocol(SRP) allows devices in the Thread network to register a service. The border router will forward the service to the Wi-Fi network via mDNS.

Now we'll publish the service my-service._test._udp with hostname test0 and port 12345

> srp client host name test0
Done
> srp client host address fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
Done
> srp client service add my-service _test._udp 12345
Done
> srp client autostart enable
Done

This service will also become visible on the Wi-Fi network:

$ avahi-browse -r _test._udp -t   

+ enp1s0 IPv6 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
= enp1s0 IPv6 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
   hostname = [test0.local]
   address = [fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5]
   port = [12345]
   txt = []
+ enp1s0 IPv4 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
= enp1s0 IPv4 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
   hostname = [test0.local]
   address = [fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5]
   port = [12345]
   txt = []