kopia lustrzana https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf
Merge branch 'docs/add_Chinese_translation_for_api-guides/host-apps.rst' into 'master'
docs: provide CN translation for api-guides/host-apps.rst Closes DOC-5461 See merge request espressif/esp-idf!24260pull/12000/head
Cai Xin Ying
commit
e9ba6b611e
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@ -1,33 +1,37 @@
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Running Applications on Host
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============================
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Running ESP-IDF Applications on Host
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====================================
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:link_to_translation:`zh_CN:[中文]`
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.. note::
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Running IDF applications on host is currently still an experimental feature, thus there is no guarantee for API stability. However, user feedback via the `ESP-IDF GitHub repository <https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf>`_ or the `ESP32 forum <https://esp32.com/>`_ is highly welcome, and may help influence the future of design of the IDF host-based applications.
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This document provides an overview of the methods to run IDF applications on Linux, and what type of IDF applications can typically be run on Linux.
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Running ESP-IDF applications on host is currently still an experimental feature, thus there is no guarantee for API stability. However, user feedback via the `ESP-IDF GitHub repository <https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf>`_ or the `ESP32 forum <https://esp32.com/>`_ is highly welcome, and may help influence the future of design of the ESP-IDF host-based applications.
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This document provides an overview of the methods to run ESP-IDF applications on Linux, and what type of ESP-IDF applications can typically be run on Linux.
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Introduction
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---------------------------
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------------
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Typically, an IDF application is built (cross-compiled) on a host machine, uploaded (i.e., flashed) to an ESP chip for execution, and monitored by the host machine via a UART/USB port. However, execution of an IDF application on an ESP chip (hence forth referred to as "running on target") can be limiting in various development/usage/testing scenarios.
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Typically, an ESP-IDF application is built (cross-compiled) on a host machine, uploaded (i.e., flashed) to an ESP chip for execution, and monitored by the host machine via a UART/USB port. However, execution of an ESP-IDF application on an ESP chip can be limiting in various development/usage/testing scenarios.
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Therefore, it is possible for an IDF application to be built and executed entirely within the same Linux host machine (hence forth referred to as "running on host"). Running ESP-IDF applications on host has several advantages:
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Therefore, it is possible for an ESP-IDF application to be built and executed entirely within the same Linux host machine (henceforth referred to as "running on host"). Running ESP-IDF applications on host has several advantages:
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- No need to upload to a target.
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- Faster execution on a host machine, compared to running on an ESP chip.
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- No requirements for any specific hardware, except the host machine itself.
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- Easier automation and setup for software testing.
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- Large number of tools for code and runtime analysis (e.g. Valgrind).
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- Large number of tools for code and runtime analysis, e.g., Valgrind.
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A large number of IDF components depend on chip-specific hardware. These hardware dependencies must be mocked or simulated when running on host. ESP-IDF currently supports the following mocking and simulation approaches:
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A large number of ESP-IDF components depend on chip-specific hardware. These hardware dependencies must be mocked or simulated when running on host. ESP-IDF currently supports the following mocking and simulation approaches:
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1. Using the `FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator <https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-simulator-for-Linux.html>`_ that simulates FreeRTOS scheduling. On top of this simulation, other APIs are also simulated or implemented when running on host.
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2. Using `CMock <https://www.throwtheswitch.org/cmock>`_ to mock all dependencies and run the code in complete isolation.
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In principle, it is possible to mix both approaches (POSIX/Linux simulator and mocking using CMock), but this has not been done yet in ESP-IDF. Note that despite the name, the FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator currently also works on MacOS. Running IDF applications on host machines is often used for testing. However, simulating the environment and mocking dependencies does not fully represent the target device. Thus, testing on the target device is still necessary, though with a different focus that usually puts more weight on integration and system testing.
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In principle, it is possible to mix both approaches (POSIX/Linux simulator and mocking using CMock), but this has not been done yet in ESP-IDF. Note that despite the name, the FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator currently also works on macOS. Running ESP-IDF applications on host machines is often used for testing. However, simulating the environment and mocking dependencies does not fully represent the target device. Thus, testing on the target device is still necessary, though with a different focus that usually puts more weight on integration and system testing.
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.. note::
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Another possibility to run applications on the host is to use the QEMU simulator. However, QEMU development for IDF applications is currently work in progress and has not been documented yet.
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Another possibility to run applications on the host is to use the QEMU simulator. However, QEMU development for ESP-IDF applications is still a work in progress and has not been documented yet.
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CMock-Based Approach
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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@ -38,13 +42,14 @@ This approach uses the `CMock <https://www.throwtheswitch.org/cmock>`_ framework
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POSIX/Linux Simulator Approach
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The `FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator <https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-simulator-for-Linux.html>`_ is available on ESP-IDF as a preview target already. Using this simulator, IDF components can be implemented on the host to make them available to IDF applications when running on host. Currently, only a limited number of components are ready to be built on Linux. Furthermore the functionality of each component ported to Linux may also be limited or different compared to the functionality when building that component for a chip target. For more information if the desired components are supported on Linux, please refer to :ref:`component-linux-mock-support`.
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The `FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator <https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-simulator-for-Linux.html>`_ is available on ESP-IDF as a preview target already. This simulator allows ESP-IDF components to be implemented on the host, making them accessible to ESP-IDF applications when running on host. Currently, only a limited number of components are ready to be built on Linux. Furthermore, the functionality of each component ported to Linux may also be limited or different compared to the functionality when building that component for a chip target. For more information about whether the desired components are supported on Linux, please refer to :ref:`component-linux-mock-support`.
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.. note::
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The FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator allows configuring the :ref:`amazon_smp_freertos` version. However, the simulation still runs in single-core mode. The main reason allowing Amazon SMP FreeRTOS is to provide API compatibility with IDF applications written for Amazon SMP FreeRTOS.
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Requirements
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------------
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The FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux simulator allows configuring the :ref:`amazon_smp_freertos` version. However, the simulation still runs in single-core mode. The main reason allowing Amazon SMP FreeRTOS is to provide API compatibility with ESP-IDF applications written for Amazon SMP FreeRTOS.
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Requirements for Using Mocks
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----------------------------
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.. include:: inc/linux-host-requirements.rst
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@ -1 +1,136 @@
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.. include:: ../../en/api-guides/host-apps.rst
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在主机上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序
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===============================
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:link_to_translation:`en:[English]`
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.. note::
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在主机上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序的功能仍处于试验阶段，无法保证 API 的稳定性。欢迎用户通过 `ESP-IDF GitHub 仓库 <https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf>`_ 或 `ESP32 论坛 <https://esp32.com/>`_ 提供反馈意见，助力未来 ESP-IDF 基于主机的应用程序设计。
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本文档概述了在 Linux 上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序的方法，并介绍了可以在 Linux 上运行的常见 ESP-IDF 应用程序类型。
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介绍
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------------
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ESP-IDF 应用程序通常在主机上进行构建（交叉编译），然后上传（即烧录）到 ESP 芯片上运行，并由主机通过 UART/USB 端口监控。然而，在 ESP 芯片上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序在各种开发/使用/测试场景下可能存在限制。
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因此，ESP-IDF 支持在同一台 Linux 主机上构建和运行其应用程序。在主机上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序具有以下几个优点：
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- 无需上传到目标芯片。
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- 应用程序在主机上的运行速度比在 ESP 芯片上快。
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- 除主机本身外，无特定硬件要求。
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- 更易进行软件测试的自动化和设置。
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- 提供大量用于代码和运行分析的工具，如 Valgrind。
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许多 ESP-IDF 组件依赖支持特定芯片的硬件，因此在主机上运行应用程序时，必须对这些硬件依赖文件进行模拟或仿真。目前，ESP-IDF 支持以下模拟和仿真方法：
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1. 使用 `FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux 模拟器 <https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-simulator-for-Linux.html>`_ 可以模拟 FreeRTOS 调度。在此模拟的基础上，在主机上运行应用程序时也会模拟或使用其他 API。
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2. 使用 `CMock <https://www.throwtheswitch.org/cmock>`_ 可以模拟所有依赖文件，并在完全独立的情况下运行代码。
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原则上，这两种方法（POSIX/Linux 模拟器和使用 CMock 模拟）可以混用，但此功能在 ESP-IDF 中尚未实现。注意，尽管名称中包含 POSIX/Linux，但目前的 FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux 模拟器也支持在 macOS 系统中运行。在主机上运行 ESP-IDF 应用程序通常用于测试，但模拟环境和模拟依赖文件并不能完全代表目标设备。因此，仍然需要在目标设备上测试，此时测试的侧重点通常在集成和系统测试上。
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.. note::
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在主机上运行应用程序的另一方法是使用 QEMU 模拟器，但 ESP-IDF 的 QEMU 模拟器仍在开发中，尚未发布相关文档。
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基于 CMock 的模拟
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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该方法使用 `CMock <https://www.throwtheswitch.org/cmock>`_ 框架解决缺少硬件和软件依赖文件的问题。在主机上运行基于 CMock 的应用程序具备一大优势：在主机上运行的应用程序通常只编译必要代码，即模拟了最主要代码的依赖文件，而非编译整个系统。有关 Mocks 的总体介绍及其在 ESP-IDF 的配置和使用，请参阅 :ref:`mocks`。
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POSIX/Linux 模拟器的模拟
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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ESP-IDF 已支持使用 `FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux 模拟器 <https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-simulator-for-Linux.html>`_ 预览应用程序在目标芯片上的运行效果。使用该模拟器可以在主机上运行 ESP-IDF 组件，并使这类组件可用于在主机上运行的 ESP-IDF 应用程序。目前，只有一部分组件可以在 Linux 上构建。此外，各组件移植到 Linux 上后，其功能可能也会受到限制，或与在芯片目标上构建该组件的功能有所不同。有关所需组件在 Linux 上是否受支持的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`component-linux-mock-support`。
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.. note::
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FreeRTOS POSIX/Linux 模拟器支持配置 :ref:`amazon_smp_freertos` 版本，但模拟仍在单核模式下运行。支持 Amazon SMP FreeRTOS 主要是为给 Amazon SMP FreeRTOS 编写的 ESP-IDF 应用程序提供 API 兼容性。
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使用模拟器的前提
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-----------------
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.. include:: inc/linux-host-requirements.rst
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如果使用了任意模拟器，则应设置变量 ``Ruby``。
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构建和运行
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-------------
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要在 Linux 上构建并运行应用程序，需要将目标芯片设置为 ``linux``：
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.. code-block:: bash
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idf.py --preview set-target linux
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idf.py build
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idf.py monitor
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.. _component-linux-mock-support:
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组件 Linux/Mock 支持情况概述
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-------------------------------------
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注意，下表中的“是”并不代表完全实现或模拟，它也可以表示功能的部分实现或模拟。实现或模拟通常只进行到可以提供足够功能、可以构建和运行测试应用程序的程度。
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.. list-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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:widths: 20 10 10
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* - 组件
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- 模拟
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- 仿真
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* - driver
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- 是
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- 否
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* - esp_common
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- 否
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- 是
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* - esp_event
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- 是
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- 是
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* - esp_hw_support
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- 是
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- 是
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* - esp_partition
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- 是
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- 否
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* - esp_rom
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- 否
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- 是
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* - esp_system
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- 否
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- 是
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* - esp_timer
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- 是
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- 否
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* - esp_tls
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- 是
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- 否
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* - freertos
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- 是
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- 是
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* - hal
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- 否
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- 是
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* - heap
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- 否
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- 是
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* - http_parser
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- 是
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- 否
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* - log
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- 否
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- 是
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* - lwip
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- 是
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- 否
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* - SoC
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- 否
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- 是
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* - spi_flash
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- 是
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- 否
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* - tcp_transport
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- 是
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- 否
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Ładowanie…
Reference in New Issue