esp-idf/components/fatfs/fatfsgen.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

import os
from typing import Any, List, Optional

from construct import Const, Int8ul, Int16ul, Int32ul, PaddedString, Struct
from fatfsgen_utils.fat import FAT
from fatfsgen_utils.fatfs_state import FATFSState
from fatfsgen_utils.fs_object import Directory
from fatfsgen_utils.utils import generate_4bytes_random, get_args_for_partition_generator, pad_string


class FATFS:
    """
    The class FATFS provides API for generating FAT file system.
    It contains reference to the FAT table and to the root directory.
    """
    MAX_VOL_LAB_SIZE = 11
    MAX_OEM_NAME_SIZE = 8
    MAX_FS_TYPE_SIZE = 8
    BOOT_HEADER_SIZE = 512

    BOOT_SECTOR_HEADER = Struct(
        'BS_jmpBoot' / Const(b'\xeb\xfe\x90'),
        'BS_OEMName' / PaddedString(MAX_OEM_NAME_SIZE, 'utf-8'),
        'BPB_BytsPerSec' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_SecPerClus' / Int8ul,
        'BPB_RsvdSecCnt' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_NumFATs' / Int8ul,
        'BPB_RootEntCnt' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_TotSec16' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_Media' / Int8ul,
        'BPB_FATSz16' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_SecPerTrk' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_NumHeads' / Int16ul,
        'BPB_HiddSec' / Int32ul,
        'BPB_TotSec32' / Int32ul,
        'BS_DrvNum' / Const(b'\x80'),
        'BS_Reserved1' / Const(b'\x00'),
        'BS_BootSig' / Const(b'\x29'),
        'BS_VolID' / Int32ul,
        'BS_VolLab' / PaddedString(MAX_VOL_LAB_SIZE, 'utf-8'),
        'BS_FilSysType' / PaddedString(MAX_FS_TYPE_SIZE, 'utf-8'),
        'BS_EMPTY' / Const(448 * b'\x00'),
        'Signature_word' / Const(b'\x55\xAA')
    )

    def __init__(self,
                 binary_image_path: Optional[str] = None,
                 size: int = 1024 * 1024,
                 reserved_sectors_cnt: int = 1,
                 fat_tables_cnt: int = 1,
                 sectors_per_cluster: int = 1,
                 sector_size: int = 0x1000,
                 sectors_per_fat: int = 1,
                 root_dir_sectors_cnt: int = 4,
                 hidden_sectors: int = 0,
                 long_names_enabled: bool = False,
                 entry_size: int = 32,
                 num_heads: int = 0xff,
                 oem_name: str = 'MSDOS5.0',
                 sec_per_track: int = 0x3f,
                 volume_label: str = 'Espressif',
                 file_sys_type: str = 'FAT',
                 media_type: int = 0xf8) -> None:

        self.state = FATFSState(entry_size=entry_size,
                                sector_size=sector_size,
                                reserved_sectors_cnt=reserved_sectors_cnt,
                                root_dir_sectors_cnt=root_dir_sectors_cnt,
                                size=size,
                                file_sys_type=file_sys_type,
                                num_heads=num_heads,
                                fat_tables_cnt=fat_tables_cnt,
                                sectors_per_fat=sectors_per_fat,
                                sectors_per_cluster=sectors_per_cluster,
                                media_type=media_type,
                                hidden_sectors=hidden_sectors,
                                sec_per_track=sec_per_track,
                                long_names_enabled=long_names_enabled,
                                volume_label=volume_label,
                                oem_name=oem_name)
        binary_image = bytearray(
            self.read_filesystem(binary_image_path) if binary_image_path else self.create_empty_fatfs())
        self.state.binary_image = binary_image

        self.fat = FAT(fatfs_state=self.state,
                       reserved_sectors_cnt=self.state.reserved_sectors_cnt)

        self.root_directory = Directory(name='A',  # the name is not important
                                        size=self.state.root_dir_sectors_cnt * self.state.sector_size,
                                        fat=self.fat,
                                        cluster=self.fat.clusters[1],
                                        fatfs_state=self.state)
        self.root_directory.init_directory()

    def create_file(self, name: str, extension: str = '', path_from_root: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
        # when path_from_root is None the dir is root
        self.root_directory.new_file(name=name, extension=extension, path_from_root=path_from_root)

    def create_directory(self, name: str, path_from_root: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
        # when path_from_root is None the dir is root
        parent_dir = self.root_directory
        if path_from_root:
            parent_dir = self.root_directory.recursive_search(path_from_root, self.root_directory)
        self.root_directory.new_directory(name=name, parent=parent_dir, path_from_root=path_from_root)

    def write_content(self, path_from_root: List[str], content: str) -> None:
        """
        fat fs invokes root directory to recursively find the required file and writes the content
        """
        self.root_directory.write_to_file(path_from_root, content)

    def create_empty_fatfs(self) -> Any:
        sectors_count = self.state.size // self.state.sector_size
        volume_uuid = generate_4bytes_random()
        return (
            FATFS.BOOT_SECTOR_HEADER.build(
                dict(BS_OEMName=pad_string(self.state.oem_name, size=FATFS.MAX_OEM_NAME_SIZE),
                     BPB_BytsPerSec=self.state.sectors_per_cluster * self.state.sector_size,
                     BPB_SecPerClus=self.state.sectors_per_cluster,
                     BPB_RsvdSecCnt=self.state.reserved_sectors_cnt,
                     BPB_NumFATs=self.state.fat_tables_cnt,
                     BPB_RootEntCnt=self.state.entries_root_count,
                     BPB_TotSec16=0x00 if self.state.fatfs_type == FATFSState.FAT32 else sectors_count,
                     BPB_Media=self.state.media_type,
                     BPB_FATSz16=self.state.sectors_per_fat_cnt,
                     BPB_SecPerTrk=self.state.sec_per_track,
                     BPB_NumHeads=self.state.num_heads,
                     BPB_HiddSec=self.state.hidden_sectors,
                     BPB_TotSec32=sectors_count if self.state.fatfs_type == FATFSState.FAT32 else 0x00,
                     BS_VolID=volume_uuid,
                     BS_VolLab=pad_string(self.state.volume_label, size=FATFS.MAX_VOL_LAB_SIZE),
                     BS_FilSysType=pad_string(self.state.file_sys_type, size=FATFS.MAX_FS_TYPE_SIZE)
                     )
            )
            + (self.state.sector_size - FATFS.BOOT_HEADER_SIZE) * b'\x00'
            + self.state.sectors_per_fat_cnt * self.state.fat_tables_cnt * self.state.sector_size * b'\x00'
            + self.state.root_dir_sectors_cnt * self.state.sector_size * b'\x00'
            + self.state.data_sectors * self.state.sector_size * b'\xff'
        )

    @staticmethod
    def read_filesystem(path: str) -> bytearray:
        with open(path, 'rb') as fs_file:
            return bytearray(fs_file.read())

    def write_filesystem(self, output_path: str) -> None:
        with open(output_path, 'wb') as output:
            output.write(bytearray(self.state.binary_image))

    def _generate_partition_from_folder(self,
                                        folder_relative_path: str,
                                        folder_path: str = '',
                                        is_dir: bool = False) -> None:
        """
        Given path to folder and folder name recursively encodes folder into binary image.
        Used by method generate
        """
        real_path = os.path.join(folder_path, folder_relative_path)
        smaller_path = folder_relative_path

        folder_relative_path = folder_relative_path.upper()

        normal_path = os.path.normpath(folder_relative_path)
        split_path = normal_path.split(os.sep)
        if os.path.isfile(real_path):
            with open(real_path, "rb") as file:
                content = file.read()
            file_name, extension = os.path.splitext(split_path[-1])
            extension = extension[1:]  # remove the dot from the extension
            self.create_file(name=file_name, extension=extension, path_from_root=split_path[1:-1] or None)
            self.write_content(split_path[1:], content)
        elif os.path.isdir(real_path):
            if not is_dir:
                self.create_directory(split_path[-1], split_path[1:-1])

            # sorting files for better testability
            dir_content = list(sorted(os.listdir(real_path)))
            for path in dir_content:
                self._generate_partition_from_folder(os.path.join(smaller_path, path), folder_path=folder_path)

    def generate(self, input_directory: str) -> None:
        """
        Normalize path to folder and recursively encode folder to binary image
        """
        path_to_folder, folder_name = os.path.split(input_directory)
        self._generate_partition_from_folder(folder_name, folder_path=path_to_folder, is_dir=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = get_args_for_partition_generator('Create a FAT filesystem and populate it with directory content')
    input_dir = args.input_directory

    partition_size = int(str(args.partition_size), 0)
    sector_size_bytes = int(str(args.sector_size), 0)

    fatfs = FATFS(size=partition_size, sector_size=sector_size_bytes)
    fatfs.generate(input_dir)
    fatfs.write_filesystem(args.output_file)