kopia lustrzana https://github.com/jamescoxon/dl-fldigi
353 wiersze
15 KiB
Plaintext
353 wiersze
15 KiB
Plaintext
/**
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\page operating_controls_page Operating Controls and Displays
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\tableofcontents
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\image html fldigi-controls.png "FLDIGI Controls"
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\image latex fldigi-controls.png "FLDIGI Controls" width=6.0in
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<br>
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The main display for fldigi is the waterfall display shown above in color
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and in scale x1.
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<br>
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The button <b>WF</b> toggles the display between a waterfall, a spectrum
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display and an oscilloscope type view of the Rx and Tx signals. This
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button acts as a rotary. Left clicking moves the display selection in one
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direction and right clicking in the other direction. The three display modes
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are <b>WF</b> - waterfall, <b>FFT</b> - spectrum (Fast Fourier Transform)
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and <b>Sig</b> - oscilloscope time domain. Let the mouse cursor hover over
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any one of the controls and a small hint box will open to help you navigate
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the various controls.
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<br>
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The <b>Norm</b> button controls the speed of the waterfall drop. This is
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also a rotary type of button control. The speeds available are SLOW, NORM,
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FAST and PAUSE. The load on the cpu will be directly proportional to this
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selection. If your cpu is slow you might want to select the SLOW
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or PAUSE option for the waterfall.
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<br>
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The scale control (X1, X2, X4) expands or contracts the view into the
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fast fourier transform that is displayed on the waterfall or the FFT
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display. fldigi always computes the FFT to a 1 Hz resolution, and
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displays the results according to the scale control.
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<br>
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\image html psk-waterfallx1.png "PSK Waterfall X1 scale"
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\image latex psk-waterfallx1.png "PSK Waterfall X1 scale" width=1.75in
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<br>
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\image html psk-waterfallx2.png "PSK Waterfall X2 scale"
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\image latex psk-waterfallx2.png "PSK Waterfall X2 scale" width=2.5in
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<br>
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\image html psk-waterfallx4.png "PSK Waterfall X4 scale"
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\image latex psk-waterfallx4.png "PSK Waterfall X4 scale" width=3.0in
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<br>
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<br> The next three controls are positional conrols for the waterfall. The
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waterfall can display 4096 data points, where each one can be thought
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of as a spectral line at the equivalent Hertz. The ratio is actually
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8000/8192 and is related to the ratio of sound card sampling rate to
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Fast Fourier Transform length. This ratio changes for some modems
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that require a sampling rate other than 8000 Hz. The left arrow key
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will shift the display to the right (displays a lower section of the
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spectrum). The right arrow key moves the display higher in frequency.
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These two buttons are repeating buttons. Hold them down and the
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display slews at about 20 shifts / sec. The center button with
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the two vertical block lines is a "center the signal" button. The current
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cursor (red signal cursor in the waterfall) will be centered in the
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display area.
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<b>NOTE:</b> these controls are only functional if
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the current waterfall or spectrum view is smaller than the full view
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available. This is usually the case when the X2 or X4 expansion
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is selected. But it also might be the case when the width of the
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main dialog is reduced so that the waterfall display does not extend
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over the entire available width.
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Try moving the cursor around in the waterfall
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area. You will see a set of yellow cursor blocks that show the center
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point and bandwidth of the current operating mode (psk31 = 31.25 Hz for
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example). To capture a received signal just click near the signal and
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the AFC will perform a multi-step acquisition. This will be very fast
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and should not require additional operator intervention. <i>Casual tuning</i>
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You can take a look at any received signal on the waterfall by
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right-clicking and holding the mouse button on or near the signal.
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The modem will begin to decode that signal if it is in the
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currently selected mode. The text will be a unique color on the
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Rx text widget so that you can discern the difference between casual
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and normal tracking. Release the mouse button and the tracking
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returns to the previously selected normal tracking point.
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<br>
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<b>Audio History</b> Fldigi maintains a history buffer of the received
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audio. This buffer is approximately 2 minutes in duration. After tracking
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commences on a signal you can decode the audio history for that signal. The
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audio history is invoked by a Ctrl-Left click anywhere on the waterfall. You
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can also invoke the audio history for the casual tuning mode by pressing
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Ctrl-Right click on the waterfall.
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<br>
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The next control is your transceive audio frequency. In the display above
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you can see that the audio signal is 1500 Hz. The red cursor is
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centered beneath 14071.500 Mhz. The transceiver was set to 14070 Mhz. The
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arrow key pairs move up/down in cycles and tens of cycles. You can
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fine tune the receive point using this control.
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<br>
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The next two controls to the right of the audio frequency control are for the
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receive signal processing. The one that reads -10 is the max signal
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level for the waterfall/spectrum display. The one that reads 51 is for
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the range over which that control will display signals. Both of these
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are in dB. The default of -10 / 40 is a good starting point, but you
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need to adjust these for band conditions. You can see the impact of
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these controls most easily by putting the main display area in the
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spectrum mode. Changes in these controls will effect the
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waterfall instantly and for all past history displayed on the
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waterfall. You do not have to wait for new signal data to observe
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the affect.
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<br>
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The <b>QSY</b> button is very specific to rigs
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interfaced with either hamlib or the memory mapped i/o. Each rig has a
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sweet spot associated with its bandwidth controller. For the Argonaut
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V this is 1100 Hz. For the the Kachina it is 1000 Hz. As the
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transceivers bandwidth is changed the changes occur centered at this
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frequency. So .... let's say that I just started copying a rare dx at
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1758 Hz and I wanted to put the signal at the sweet spot so I could
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easily narrow the receiver bandwidth. Click on the signal on the
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waterfall. Let the AFC capture and then press the QSY button. The
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tranceiver frequency will be shifted and the fldigi audio tracking
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point shifted in unison such that the signal is now at the receivers
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sweet spot. Very fast and very convenient! If you do not have hamlib
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enabled for your transceiver this button will be dimmed and not
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activated.
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<br>
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The <b>M\></b> button allows you to
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store, recall and manage mode/frequency pairs. If you want to
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save the current mode and frequency simply left click the button.
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A right click will enable a popup menu from which you can select
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a previously stored set. You can quickly move between modes and
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audio sub carrier using this technique. A shift-left click will
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clear the memory. When the popup menu is visible you left click
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on an entry to select it. You can shift-left click on an entry to
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delete that single entry.
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<br>
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The <b>T/R</b> button should be self-explanatory. It's your
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transmit/receive button. Action is immediate, so if you were transmiting some
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text and hit the button the PTT is disabled, the transmit text area cleared
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and the program returned to receive mode. The T/R button is a
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"lighted button" that shows when transmitting. All other lighted buttons
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show YELLOW when they are in the active state.
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<br>
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The <b>Lck</b> button locks the transmit audio frequency to its present
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value. You can then continue to QSY around your transmit position. I have
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used this to reply to a DX station that wanted a +500 Hz response. The DX
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was at 690 Hz audio, and wanted a response at +500. I moved the display
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cursor (or the audio frequency control) to 1190 Hz. Hit the Lck button
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and then went back to 690 with the waterfall cursor. Now the program
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is receiving on 690 Hz and transmitting on 1190 Hz. Caught him on the
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first try. Use this button also as a <i>Master Station</i>
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control. Not all rigs are equal in their VFO performance. Some
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exhibit a shift between receive and transmit. If this occurs then the
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stations find themselves chasing each other with every t/r exchange.
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Locking your transmit frequency with this control will inhibit that
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from happening. Be sure to disable the control when that qso is over or
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<b>you may forget and transmit over top of another qso!</b>
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<br>
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If the "Lck" is enabled the TX frequency does not follow the AFC action
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applied to the RX frequency.
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<br>
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For transceivers which are either hamlib or memmap enabled, if the "Qsy"
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button is pressed BOTH the RX and TX frequencies are changed to synchronize
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to where the RX was positioned.
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<br>
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Perhaps some numbers will help to make that a little clearer.
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<br>
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"Lck" | Before "Qsy" | <br> | After "Qsy" | <br>
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:----:|:---------------:|:---------------:|:---------------:|:---------------:
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<br> | RX | TX | RX | TX
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OFF | 1002 / 7071.002 | 1002 / 7071.002 | 1500 / 7071.002 | 1500 / 7071.002
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ON | 1002 / 7071.002 | 1000 / 7071.000 | 1500 / 7071.002 | 1500 / 7071.002
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ON | 1000 / 7071.000 | 1800 / 7071.800 | 1500 / 7071.000 | 1500 / 7071.000
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<br>
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With "Lk" off the TX audio frequency is always synchronized with the
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RX frequency.
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<br>
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With "Lk" on the TX audio frequency is fixed with respect to the RX
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frequency UNLESS the "Qsy" button is pressed in which case it shifts to
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the RX frequency, the Transceiver VFO is shifted and both the RX and TX
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audio frequencies are shifted to put both into the middle of the
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transceiver passband. The TX continues to be locked, but at the new
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audio frequency.
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<br>
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If the "Lk" is ON moving the cursor around will ONLY AFFECT the RX
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frequency and NOT the TX frequency.
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<br>
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\image html sql_kpsql_level_control.png "SQL/KPSQL Level Adjustment"
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\image latex sql_kpsql_level_control.png "SQL/KPSQL Level Adjustment" width=1.5in
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<br>
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The <b>AFC</b> and <b>SQL</b> buttons enable or disable the respective
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function in the software. The slider just above the AFC \& SQL controls
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is the squelch level control. The bar indicator just above it is the
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equivalent of received signal level and relates on a 1:1 basis with the
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squelch level slider. The SQL button illuminates YELLOW when the SQL is
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selected, but the signal is below the squelch level. It illuminates
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GREEN when the the SQL is selected and the signal is above the squelch level.
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<br>
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The indicator just to the left of the AFC button is the overload
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indicator. It will be GREEN if your audio drive to sound card is
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satisfactory, YELLOW if the audio signal is marginally high and turn red
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when it is in overload. Back down the mixer control or the audio pad from
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the rig to computer. Fldigi will not perform well if the sound card is
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over driven. You will see ghost signals on the waterfall and the modem
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decoders will not work correctly.
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<br>
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\image html sql_kpsql_kiss_io_enabled.png "KISS IO enabled"
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\image latex sql_kpsql_kiss_io_enabled.png "KISS IO enabled" width=3.4in
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<br>
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\image html sql_kpsql_kiss_io_disabled.png "ARQ IO enabled"
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\image latex sql_kpsql_kiss_io_disabled.png "ARQ IO enabled" width=3.4in
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<br>
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<b>KPSQL</b> squelch operates on the power aspect of a signal unlike SQL which
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measures the reception quality of the signal. For KPSQL to operate correctly
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the waterfall speed setting must set to either NORM or FAST, FAST being
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the better option. The level setting slider is active for KPSQL when the
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KPSQL button is enabled (indicated by either a yellow or green square on the
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button surface). When disabled the slider adjustment effects SQL. KPSQL
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operates using two different threshold detection methods. With
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KPSQL button selected the user sets the threshold using the slider to the
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right of the vertical level indicator. With KPSQL deselected the detection
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level reverts to the histogram method. This method automatically adjust
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the threshold to just above the noise level and is used when the utmost
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signal sensitivity is desired.
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<b>SQL</b> and <b>KPSQL</b> functional differences:
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<br>
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<b>SQL</b> - Inhibits character reception.<br>
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<b>KPSQL</b> - Inhibits the data transfer to the modem modulator.<br>
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Receive audio level should be adjusted so that the overload indicator does
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not illuminate red. When observing the received signals on the oscilloscope
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view you should expect that they do not exceed a peak-to-peak amplitude of
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3/4 of the full display height.
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<br>
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\section mode_status_indicators Mode Status Indicators
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The lower left corner of the main display (MFSK-16) in the view above is
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actually a button disquised as a status panel. This button
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responds to the mouse in several ways:
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<br>
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<ul>
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<li>Left Click - opens a quick pick list of associated modem types; you can
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switch to a new modem type from this popup menu</li>
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<li>Right Click - opens the configuration dialog at the tab associated with
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the current modem type</li>
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<li>Scroll Wheel - rotates forward and backwards through the various modem
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types in accordance with the modem menu heirarchy. Stop at the one you
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want and you are now in that mode</li>
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</ul>
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The next status indicator to the right provides information relative to the
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current modem, for PSK it indicates the received signal strength in dB.
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<br>
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The third status indicator from the left provides additional information
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relative to the current modem, IMD for PSK measured in dB.
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<br>
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Note that for PSK these values are only measured during periods when the
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PSK idle signal is being received.
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<br>
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\section transmit_level_attenuator Transmit level attenuator
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<br>
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\image html TX-level.png "TX level"
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\image latex TX-level.png "TX level" width=2.5in
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<br>
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It is often difficult to adjust the audio drive for the point where ALC
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is just barely active. Mixer controls are OK, but not usually
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designed for very small changes. They are after all designed for
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adjusting listening levels. fldigi provides the ability to
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control the audio drive in increments of 0.1 dB over a 30 dB
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range. This control is located in the bottom right corner of the main dialog:
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<br>
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Set this control for -6 dB and then adjust the sound card mixer control
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for the best ALC level you can achieve. Then adjust the Tx-level
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control for best "just visible" ALC on the transceiver. That
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should give you a very clean PSK signal.
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<br>
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\section operating_split Operating split with fldigi / flrig
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<br>
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\image html tty-split-ops.png "TTY Split Ops"
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\image latex tty-split-ops.png "TTY Split Ops" width=4.5in
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<br>
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Note: In the above example most features are disable as they are not
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available for the indicated radio.
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On flrig:
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Unless specifically supported by the transceiver and implemented in flrig.
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<ul>
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<li>VFO A is always the RX frequency.</li>
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<li>VFO B is always the TX frequency.</li>
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<li>Left Click on the A/B swaps A & B VFO frequencies.</li>
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<li>Right Click on the A/B assignes A VFO frequency to B VFO.</li>
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<li>Using the mouse wheel adjust VFO B to where you want to transmit.</li>
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<li>Click the SPLIT button, it will change color when it is active.</li>
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<li>Press the VFO B button to listen on the Tx frequency,
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be sure to press Split again before capturing that rare DX station.</li>
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</ul>
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On fldigi:
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<ul>
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<li>Tune the waterfall cursor to the Rx signal</li>
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<li>Transmit as usual, be sure you are not doubling.</li>
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</ul>
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See <a href="http://www.w1hkj.com/flrig-help/index.html">FLRIG Help</a> for
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specific operating procedures.
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Some additional information can also be found here
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\ref rig_control_page "Rig Control Page"
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<br>
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\ref operating_controls_page "Return to Top of Page"
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<br>
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\ref main_page "Return to Main Page"
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*/
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