kopia lustrzana https://github.com/jamescoxon/dl-fldigi
429 wiersze
13 KiB
Plaintext
429 wiersze
13 KiB
Plaintext
/**
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\page synop_page SYNOP decoding
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\tableofcontents
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\section what_is_snyop What is Synop
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\subsection wether_data Weather data
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SYNOP, which stands for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNOP">
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<b>surface synoptic observations</b></a> is a numerical code used for
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reporting weather<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather" title="Weather"></a>
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observations made by manned and automated fixed land weather stations. It
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is also called FM-12 by the
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<br>
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World Meteorological Organization. It is closely associated to
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FM 13-XIV SHIP, for report of surface observation from a sea station
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(Created in 1982) and FM 14-XIV SYNOP MOBIL, for reports of surface
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observation from a mobile land station.
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<br>
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Here is an example of undecoded SYNOP weather report:<br>
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<tt>
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13586 31530 80000 10036 20029 39821 40218 53002 71022 886//<br>
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333 20029 88715=<br>
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</tt>
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Many SYNOP reports are available on web sites such as
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<a href="http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en">Ogimet</a> .
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<br>
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\subsection synop_reports Synop reports broadcasts
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The most important broadcaster on SYNOP data is DWD, in RTTY mode.
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<br>
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\subsubsection deutsche_schedule Deutsche Wetterdienst schedule
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SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours
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by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave" title="Shortwave" class="mw-redirect">shortwave</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">low frequency</a> using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioteletype" title="Radioteletype">RTTY</a>.
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The baud rate must be 50 bauds.
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<br>
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Freq | Station | Time | <br>
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:-------------|:------|:--------------|:------------
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147,300 kHz | DDH47 | 05.00 - 22.00 | + / - 42,5
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4583,000 kHz | DDK2 | 00.00 - 24.00 | + / - 225,0
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7646,000 kHz | DDH7 | 00.00 - 24.00 | + / - 225,0
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10100,800 kHz | DDK9 | 00.00 - 24.00 | + / - 225,0
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11039,000 kHz | DDH9 | 05.00 - 22.00 | + / - 225,0
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14467,300 kHz | DDH8 | 05.00 - 22.00 | + / - 225,0
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\subsubsection other_broadcasters Other broadcasters
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Until recently, many shore stations used to transmit Synop reports by
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Morse Code (\"<i>Ocean Yacht Navigator</i>\", Kenneth Wilkes, 1976 ). Still,
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according to
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<a href="http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/ois/Operational_Information/VolD_en.html">
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WMO information for shipping</a>,
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a couple of maritime stations might broadcast these informations in
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different mode that RTTY, but this has not been tested yet. There are
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just anecdotically cited here.
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<b>Maritime Radio Station of Mumbai</b>
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Met codes: FM 12 - SYNOP, FM 13 - SHIP for Sea areas I.
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<br>
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Band | Freq
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:--------|:--------
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WT (MF) | 500 kHz
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WT (MF) | 521 kHz
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WT (HF) | 8630 kHz
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WT (HF) | 12710 kHz
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<br>
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SYNOP decoding is not accessible fromMorse CW modem yet.
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<br>
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<b>Navtex station of Mumbai. COMCEN</b>
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FM 12 SYNOPSIS, FM 13 SHIP for sea area I (Time schedule 0900, 2100)
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<br>
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<br> | Freq
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:----|:---------------
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Navtex (Also called MSI as Maritime Safety Information) | 518 kHz
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<br>
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SYNOP decoding is not accessible from Navtex modem yet.
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<br>
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<b>Marine Rescue Co-ordination Centre: Guayaquil, Radio IOA (Instituto Oceanografico Armada) o Radio Naval</b>
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Meteorological information in process: Text, SHIP, SYNOP.
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<br>
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Mode | Freq
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:----|:---------------
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AM | 1515 kHz
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<br>
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\section synop_parameters Parameters
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\image html config-rtty-synop.png "Synop configuration in RTTY tab"
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\image latex config-rtty-synop.png "Synop configuration in RTTY tab" width=5.0in
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<br>
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By default, there is not SYNOP decoding of RTTY reception, so its behavior
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does not change. However, it receives three new parameters related to
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Synop decoding.
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SYNOP reports can be saved to the current ADIF log file: They are visible in
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the journal of QSOs with the content of the report, the timestamp, and the
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Maidenhead locator equivalent to the geographical coordinates of the
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emitter of the report.
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SYNOP weather reports can also be plotted on KML files: They can then be
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visualized in KML viewers such as Google Earth.
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If SYNOP reports are saved either to ADIF or KML files, fldigi attempts to
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detect and decode RTTY messages. When these messages are detected, they are
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displayed in the reception window. An extra parameter allows to replace
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the coded Synop message, giving clarity at the risk of loosing
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information, or mix the decoded reports with the original group of
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digits (Interleaving of SYNOP and text).
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\section reception_window Reception window
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When SYNOP messages are detected, they are displayed in the reception
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window in \"red\" characters (depicted here in \"<i>italic</i>\"). Here are
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some examples (Interleaved text and SYNOP reports):
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<br>
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<tt>
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13661 16123 99276 70216 46///<br>
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<i>
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WMO Station=13661<br>
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WMO station=WMO_13661<br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00<br>
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QLLLL token=Present<br>
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Longitude=-21.6<br>
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Latitude=27.6<br>
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</i>
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///// 40206 52011<br>
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222// 00203; <br>
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<i>
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Sea surface temperature=20.3 --C<br>
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Temperature type=Intake measurement<br>
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</i>
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<br>
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64522 16123 99591 70347 46/// <br>
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<i>WMO Station=64522 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_64522 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 <br>
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QLLLL token=Present <br>
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Longitude=-34.7<br>
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Latitude=59.1 </i><br>
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<br>
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///./ 49920 57004.<br>
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::(1056;<br>
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,
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26555 16123 998#6 <br>
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<i>WMO Station=26555 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_26555 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 </i><br>
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<br>
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70269 46/// ///// 40168 52008; <br>
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<i>WMO Station=70269 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_70269 <br>
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Precipitations=Omitted, no observation <br>
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Station type=Automated station. No observation (No 7WW)<br>
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Visibility=Missing <br>
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Wind direction=No motion or no waves <br>
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Wind speed=0 knots (Estimated)<br>
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Sea level pressure=1016 hPa<br>
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Pressure tendency=Increasing steadily. Raises <br>
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Pressure change=0.8 hPa</i><br>
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<br>
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25617 16123 99867 1173!((6; <br>
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<i>WMO Station=25617 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_25617 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 <br>
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QLLLL token=Present </i><br>
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<br>
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149 52001;<br>
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<br>
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13660 16123 992!; <br>
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<i>WMO Station=13660 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_13660 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 </i><br>
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<br>
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).'/ ///// 40222 52&17<br>
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<br>
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52"// 08)02;<br>
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<br>
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44551 16123 99376 70378 46//. <br>
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<i>WMO Station=44551 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_44551 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 <br>
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QLLLL token=Present <br>
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Longitude=-37.8 <br>
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Latitude=37.6 </i><br>
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<br>
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///// 40185 52022; <br>
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<i>Sea level pressure=1018 hPa<br>
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Pressure tendency=Increasing steadily. Raises <br>
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Pressure change=2.2 hPa</i><br>
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<br>
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62680 16123<br>
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9958" <br>
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<i>WMO Station=62680 <br>
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WMO station=Atbara <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 </i><br>
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<br>
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70265 66//? BMPROIIO TUPEQ<br>
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<br>
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222!/ 00078;<br>
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<br>
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64527 16123 99593 70483 46/// <br>
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<i>WMO Station=64527 <br>
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WMO station=WMO_64527 <br>
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UTC observation time=2013-02-16 12:00 <br>
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QLLLL token=Present <br>
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Longitude=-48.3 <br>
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Latitude=59.3 </i><br>
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///// 40095 52004<br>
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<br>
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</tt>
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\section data_files Data files
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Several data files containing public information are used to decrypt SYNOP
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data. They come from various places on the Internet, with redundancy.
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<br>
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<table style="text-align: left; width: 905px; height: 360px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
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<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">NOAA</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">WMO identifier, name and coordinates of thousands of weather stations in the world.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
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<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">
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<a href="http://weather.noaa.gov/data/nsd_bbsss.txt">http://weather.noaa.gov/data/nsd_bbsss.txt</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">NOAA</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Weather, drifting, moored and wave riders buoys. Oil platforms. Fixed and mobile offshore drilling unit.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
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<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">
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<a href="ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/observations/marine/stations/station_table.txt">ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/observations/marine/stations/station_table.txt</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">UK's National Weather Service</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Name, country and description of weather ships</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
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<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">
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<a href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/csv/e/7/ToR-Stats-SHIP.csv">http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/csv/e/7/ToR-Stats-SHIP.csv</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">
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Joint WMO IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
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</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;">
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argos_System">Argos</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium_Communications">Iridium</a> buoys, with WMO identifiers.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
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<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">
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<a href="ftp://ftp.jcommops.org/JCOMMOPS/GTS/wmo/wmo_list.txt">ftp://ftp.jcommops.org/JCOMMOPS/GTS/wmo/wmo_list.txt</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<br>
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There is a specific window for downloading the latest version of these data
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files. It can be reached with the command "File/Folders":
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<br>
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\image html Opening-DataFiles-Menu.png "How to reach the data files sources menu"
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\image latex Opening-DataFiles-Menu.png "How to reach the data files sources menu" width=3.48in
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<br>
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These data files can also be found:
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<br>
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<ul>
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<li>At installation time your fldigi binary comes with a package. All
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data files are silently installed on your machine.</li>
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<li>When building your own binary from the sources, with the
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command <b>make install</b>. Similarly, all files are installed.</li>
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<li>At first use and automatic installation, this opens the Data files
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sources menus, where you can download all or some data files used by
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fldigi.</li>
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</ul>
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\image html DataFilesSources.png "Downloading and updating data files used for various decodings"
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\image latex DataFilesSources.png "Downloading and updating data files used for various decodings" width=5.0in
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<br>
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\subsection synop_outputs Outputs
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Each message is a set of key-value pairs, associated to:
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<br>
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Description | Measurement
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:--------------------|:----------------
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Wind direction | 315 degrees
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Wind speed | 8 m/s (Anemometer)
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Temperature | 0.0 deg C
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Dew point temperature | -3.8 deg C
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Station pressure | 1006 hPa
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Sea level pressure | 1030 hPa
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\subsection output_formats Output formats
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\subsubsection ADIF
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When the option is ticked, SYNOP weather reports are saved in a new ADIF
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record, in the default logfile.
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<br>
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The report itself is saved with field <tt>\<NOTES:xx\></tt>.
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The length can be of several hundredth of chars, and accordingly to the
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ADIF standard, new-lines can appear in each report.
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<br>
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Example of <tt>\<NOTES\></tt> field in an ADIF record:
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\verbatim
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Header
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ICAO indicator=LOWM
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Identification and location
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Land station observation
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Land observations
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Precipitations=Precipitation omitted, no precipitation
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Station type=Manned station. 7WW omitted, not significant
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Cloud base=600 to 1000 m
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Visibility=15 km
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Cloud cover=7/8
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\endverbatim
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<br>
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\subsubsection KML
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SYNOP reports can generate \ref kml_page "KML"
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files for fixed stations, mobile weather ships, buoys etc... that is,
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every observation which can be associated to a set of coordinates.
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Several reports of the same station can be aggregated in a single
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place mark. Mobile stations have their path drawn, linking all
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coordinates spotted for a given station with an unique name.
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<br>
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KML data are are also saved in a display-independent format in
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<tt>\<description\></tt> tags, and thus can easily be reused by other
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software.
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<br>
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\section command_line_synop Command-line SYNOP decoder program : synop_tool
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The decoder comes with <tt>synop_tool</tt>,
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a command-line tool able to decode input text files and generate the
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same output files as fldigi. It is intended as a development for
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checking internal consistency, and accuracy of SYNOP decoding without
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the complexity of the graphical interface.
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It is accessible in the directory <tt>fldigi/src/synop-src</tt> and must
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be built with the command <tt>make</tt>.
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<br>
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Its command-line options are displayed with the option <tt>--help</tt>:
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<br>
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\verbatim
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[fldigi/src/synop-src]$ ./synop_tool --help
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Valid options are:
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data_dir # Where the data files are stored. For example /usr/local/share/fldigi/
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kml_dir # Out put directory of created KML files.
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load_dir # Input directory of KML files loaded at startup.
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dbg # Verbose mode.
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usage # Print this message.
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test # Decoding preceded by an internal test.
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matrix # KML output in aggregated matrices (See KML documentation).
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regex # text output of regular expressions, not decoded reports.
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version # Prints version number.
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help # Prints this messages
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\endverbatim
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<br>
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\ref synop_page "Return to Top of Page"
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<br>
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\ref main_page "Return to Main Page"
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*/
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