initial fork from connect/session

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session.js

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+/*!
+ * Connect - session
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var Session = require('./session/session')
+  , debug = require('debug')('connect:session')
+  , MemoryStore = require('./session/memory')
+  , signature = require('cookie-signature')
+  , Cookie = require('./session/cookie')
+  , Store = require('./session/store')
+  , utils = require('./../utils')
+  , uid = require('uid2')
+  , crc32 = require('buffer-crc32')
+  , parse = require('url').parse;
+
+// environment
+
+var env = process.env.NODE_ENV;
+
+/**
+ * Expose the middleware.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = session;
+
+/**
+ * Expose constructors.
+ */
+
+exports.Store = Store;
+exports.Cookie = Cookie;
+exports.Session = Session;
+exports.MemoryStore = MemoryStore;
+
+/**
+ * Warning message for `MemoryStore` usage in production.
+ */
+
+var warning = 'Warning: connection.session() MemoryStore is not\n'
+  + 'designed for a production environment, as it will leak\n'
+  + 'memory, and will not scale past a single process.';
+
+/**
+ * Session:
+ *
+ *   Setup session store with the given `options`.
+ *
+ *   Session data is _not_ saved in the cookie itself, however
+ *   cookies are used, so we must use the [cookieParser()](cookieParser.html)
+ *   middleware _before_ `session()`.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     connect()
+ *       .use(connect.cookieParser())
+ *       .use(connect.session({ secret: 'keyboard cat', key: 'sid', cookie: { secure: true }}))
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *   - `key` cookie name defaulting to `connect.sid`
+ *   - `store` session store instance
+ *   - `secret` session cookie is signed with this secret to prevent tampering
+ *   - `cookie` session cookie settings, defaulting to `{ path: '/', httpOnly: true, maxAge: null }`
+ *   - `proxy` trust the reverse proxy when setting secure cookies (via "x-forwarded-proto")
+ *
+ * Cookie option:
+ *
+ *  By default `cookie.maxAge` is `null`, meaning no "expires" parameter is set
+ *  so the cookie becomes a browser-session cookie. When the user closes the
+ *  browser the cookie (and session) will be removed.
+ *
+ * ## req.session
+ *
+ *  To store or access session data, simply use the request property `req.session`,
+ *  which is (generally) serialized as JSON by the store, so nested objects
+ *  are typically fine. For example below is a user-specific view counter:
+ *
+ *       connect()
+ *         .use(connect.favicon())
+ *         .use(connect.cookieParser())
+ *         .use(connect.session({ secret: 'keyboard cat', cookie: { maxAge: 60000 }}))
+ *         .use(function(req, res, next){
+ *           var sess = req.session;
+ *           if (sess.views) {
+ *             res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
+ *             res.write('<p>views: ' + sess.views + '</p>');
+ *             res.write('<p>expires in: ' + (sess.cookie.maxAge / 1000) + 's</p>');
+ *             res.end();
+ *             sess.views++;
+ *           } else {
+ *             sess.views = 1;
+ *             res.end('welcome to the session demo. refresh!');
+ *           }
+ *         }
+ *       )).listen(3000);
+ *
+ * ## Session#regenerate()
+ *
+ *  To regenerate the session simply invoke the method, once complete
+ *  a new SID and `Session` instance will be initialized at `req.session`.
+ *
+ *      req.session.regenerate(function(err){
+ *        // will have a new session here
+ *      });
+ *
+ * ## Session#destroy()
+ *
+ *  Destroys the session, removing `req.session`, will be re-generated next request.
+ *
+ *      req.session.destroy(function(err){
+ *        // cannot access session here
+ *      });
+ *
+ * ## Session#reload()
+ *
+ *  Reloads the session data.
+ *
+ *      req.session.reload(function(err){
+ *        // session updated
+ *      });
+ *
+ * ## Session#save()
+ *
+ *  Save the session.
+ *
+ *      req.session.save(function(err){
+ *        // session saved
+ *      });
+ *
+ * ## Session#touch()
+ *
+ *   Updates the `.maxAge` property. Typically this is
+ *   not necessary to call, as the session middleware does this for you.
+ *
+ * ## Session#cookie
+ *
+ *  Each session has a unique cookie object accompany it. This allows
+ *  you to alter the session cookie per visitor. For example we can
+ *  set `req.session.cookie.expires` to `false` to enable the cookie
+ *  to remain for only the duration of the user-agent.
+ *
+ * ## Session#maxAge
+ *
+ *  Alternatively `req.session.cookie.maxAge` will return the time
+ *  remaining in milliseconds, which we may also re-assign a new value
+ *  to adjust the `.expires` property appropriately. The following
+ *  are essentially equivalent
+ *
+ *     var hour = 3600000;
+ *     req.session.cookie.expires = new Date(Date.now() + hour);
+ *     req.session.cookie.maxAge = hour;
+ *
+ * For example when `maxAge` is set to `60000` (one minute), and 30 seconds
+ * has elapsed it will return `30000` until the current request has completed,
+ * at which time `req.session.touch()` is called to reset `req.session.maxAge`
+ * to its original value.
+ *
+ *     req.session.cookie.maxAge;
+ *     // => 30000
+ *
+ * Session Store Implementation:
+ *
+ * Every session store _must_ implement the following methods
+ *
+ *    - `.get(sid, callback)`
+ *    - `.set(sid, session, callback)`
+ *    - `.destroy(sid, callback)`
+ *
+ * Recommended methods include, but are not limited to:
+ *
+ *    - `.length(callback)`
+ *    - `.clear(callback)`
+ *
+ * For an example implementation view the [connect-redis](http://github.com/visionmedia/connect-redis) repo.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function session(options){
+  var options = options || {}
+    , key = options.key || 'connect.sid'
+    , store = options.store || new MemoryStore
+    , cookie = options.cookie || {}
+    , trustProxy = options.proxy
+    , storeReady = true
+    , rollingSessions = options.rolling || false;
+
+  // notify user that this store is not
+  // meant for a production environment
+  if ('production' == env && store instanceof MemoryStore) {
+    console.warn(warning);
+  }
+
+  // generates the new session
+  store.generate = function(req){
+    req.sessionID = uid(24);
+    req.session = new Session(req);
+    req.session.cookie = new Cookie(cookie);
+  };
+
+  store.on('disconnect', function(){ storeReady = false; });
+  store.on('connect', function(){ storeReady = true; });
+
+  return function session(req, res, next) {
+    // self-awareness
+    if (req.session) return next();
+
+    // Handle connection as if there is no session if
+    // the store has temporarily disconnected etc
+    if (!storeReady) return debug('store is disconnected'), next();
+
+    // pathname mismatch
+    var originalPath = parse(req.originalUrl).pathname;
+    if (0 != originalPath.indexOf(cookie.path || '/')) return next();
+
+    // backwards compatibility for signed cookies
+    // req.secret is passed from the cookie parser middleware
+    var secret = options.secret || req.secret;
+
+    // ensure secret is available or bail
+    if (!secret) throw new Error('`secret` option required for sessions');
+
+    var originalHash
+      , originalId;
+
+    // expose store
+    req.sessionStore = store;
+
+    // grab the session cookie value and check the signature
+    var rawCookie = req.cookies[key];
+
+    // get signedCookies for backwards compat with signed cookies
+    var unsignedCookie = req.signedCookies[key];
+
+    if (!unsignedCookie && rawCookie) {
+      unsignedCookie = utils.parseSignedCookie(rawCookie, secret);
+    }
+
+    // set-cookie
+    res.on('header', function(){
+      if (!req.session) return;
+      var cookie = req.session.cookie
+        , proto = (req.headers['x-forwarded-proto'] || '').split(',')[0].toLowerCase().trim()
+        , tls = req.connection.encrypted || (trustProxy && 'https' == proto)
+        , isNew = unsignedCookie != req.sessionID;
+
+      // only send secure cookies via https
+      if (cookie.secure && !tls) return debug('not secured');
+
+      // in case of rolling session, always reset the cookie
+      if (!rollingSessions) {
+
+        // browser-session length cookie
+        if (null == cookie.expires) {
+          if (!isNew) return debug('already set browser-session cookie');
+        // compare hashes and ids
+        } else if (originalHash == hash(req.session) && originalId == req.session.id) {
+          return debug('unmodified session');
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      var val = 's:' + signature.sign(req.sessionID, secret);
+      val = cookie.serialize(key, val);
+      debug('set-cookie %s', val);
+      res.setHeader('Set-Cookie', val);
+    });
+
+    // proxy end() to commit the session
+    var end = res.end;
+    res.end = function(data, encoding){
+      res.end = end;
+      if (!req.session) return res.end(data, encoding);
+      debug('saving');
+      req.session.resetMaxAge();
+      req.session.save(function(err){
+        if (err) console.error(err.stack);
+        debug('saved');
+        res.end(data, encoding);
+      });
+    };
+
+    // generate the session
+    function generate() {
+      store.generate(req);
+    }
+
+    // get the sessionID from the cookie
+    req.sessionID = unsignedCookie;
+
+    // generate a session if the browser doesn't send a sessionID
+    if (!req.sessionID) {
+      debug('no SID sent, generating session');
+      generate();
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // generate the session object
+    var pause = utils.pause(req);
+    debug('fetching %s', req.sessionID);
+    store.get(req.sessionID, function(err, sess){
+      // proxy to resume() events
+      var _next = next;
+      next = function(err){
+        _next(err);
+        pause.resume();
+      };
+
+      // error handling
+      if (err) {
+        debug('error %j', err);
+        if ('ENOENT' == err.code) {
+          generate();
+          next();
+        } else {
+          next(err);
+        }
+      // no session
+      } else if (!sess) {
+        debug('no session found');
+        generate();
+        next();
+      // populate req.session
+      } else {
+        debug('session found');
+        store.createSession(req, sess);
+        originalId = req.sessionID;
+        originalHash = hash(sess);
+        next();
+      }
+    });
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Hash the given `sess` object omitting changes
+ * to `.cookie`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} sess
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function hash(sess) {
+  return crc32.signed(JSON.stringify(sess, function(key, val){
+    if ('cookie' != key) return val;
+  }));
+}

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session/cookie.js

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+
+/*!
+ * Connect - session - Cookie
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var utils = require('../../utils')
+  , cookie = require('cookie');
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new `Cookie` with the given `options`.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var Cookie = module.exports = function Cookie(options) {
+  this.path = '/';
+  this.maxAge = null;
+  this.httpOnly = true;
+  if (options) utils.merge(this, options);
+  this.originalMaxAge = undefined == this.originalMaxAge
+    ? this.maxAge
+    : this.originalMaxAge;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Prototype.
+ */
+
+Cookie.prototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * Set expires `date`.
+   *
+   * @param {Date} date
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  set expires(date) {
+    this._expires = date;
+    this.originalMaxAge = this.maxAge;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Get expires `date`.
+   *
+   * @return {Date}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  get expires() {
+    return this._expires;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Set expires via max-age in `ms`.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} ms
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  set maxAge(ms) {
+    this.expires = 'number' == typeof ms
+      ? new Date(Date.now() + ms)
+      : ms;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Get expires max-age in `ms`.
+   *
+   * @return {Number}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  get maxAge() {
+    return this.expires instanceof Date
+      ? this.expires.valueOf() - Date.now()
+      : this.expires;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Return cookie data object.
+   *
+   * @return {Object}
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  get data() {
+    return {
+        originalMaxAge: this.originalMaxAge
+      , expires: this._expires
+      , secure: this.secure
+      , httpOnly: this.httpOnly
+      , domain: this.domain
+      , path: this.path
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Return a serialized cookie string.
+   *
+   * @return {String}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  serialize: function(name, val){
+    return cookie.serialize(name, val, this.data);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Return JSON representation of this cookie.
+   *
+   * @return {Object}
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  toJSON: function(){
+    return this.data;
+  }
+};

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session/memory.js

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Connect - session - MemoryStore
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var Store = require('./store');
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new `MemoryStore`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+var MemoryStore = module.exports = function MemoryStore() {
+  this.sessions = {};
+};
+
+/**
+ * Inherit from `Store.prototype`.
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.__proto__ = Store.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Attempt to fetch session by the given `sid`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} sid
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.get = function(sid, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  process.nextTick(function(){
+    var expires
+      , sess = self.sessions[sid];
+    if (sess) {
+      sess = JSON.parse(sess);
+      expires = 'string' == typeof sess.cookie.expires
+        ? new Date(sess.cookie.expires)
+        : sess.cookie.expires;
+      if (!expires || new Date < expires) {
+        fn(null, sess);
+      } else {
+        self.destroy(sid, fn);
+      }
+    } else {
+      fn();
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Commit the given `sess` object associated with the given `sid`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} sid
+ * @param {Session} sess
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.set = function(sid, sess, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  process.nextTick(function(){
+    self.sessions[sid] = JSON.stringify(sess);
+    fn && fn();
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Destroy the session associated with the given `sid`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} sid
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.destroy = function(sid, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  process.nextTick(function(){
+    delete self.sessions[sid];
+    fn && fn();
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Invoke the given callback `fn` with all active sessions.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.all = function(fn){
+  var arr = []
+    , keys = Object.keys(this.sessions);
+  for (var i = 0, len = keys.length; i < len; ++i) {
+    arr.push(this.sessions[keys[i]]);
+  }
+  fn(null, arr);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clear all sessions.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.clear = function(fn){
+  this.sessions = {};
+  fn && fn();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Fetch number of sessions.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+MemoryStore.prototype.length = function(fn){
+  fn(null, Object.keys(this.sessions).length);
+};

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session/session.js

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Connect - session - Session
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var utils = require('../../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Create a new `Session` with the given request and `data`.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingRequest} req
+ * @param {Object} data
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var Session = module.exports = function Session(req, data) {
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'req', { value: req });
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'id', { value: req.sessionID });
+  if ('object' == typeof data) utils.merge(this, data);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Update reset `.cookie.maxAge` to prevent
+ * the cookie from expiring when the
+ * session is still active.
+ *
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.touch = function(){
+  return this.resetMaxAge();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reset `.maxAge` to `.originalMaxAge`.
+ *
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.resetMaxAge = function(){
+  this.cookie.maxAge = this.cookie.originalMaxAge;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Save the session data with optional callback `fn(err)`.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.save = function(fn){
+  this.req.sessionStore.set(this.id, this, fn || function(){});
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Re-loads the session data _without_ altering
+ * the maxAge properties. Invokes the callback `fn(err)`,
+ * after which time if no exception has occurred the
+ * `req.session` property will be a new `Session` object,
+ * although representing the same session.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.reload = function(fn){
+  var req = this.req
+    , store = this.req.sessionStore;
+  store.get(this.id, function(err, sess){
+    if (err) return fn(err);
+    if (!sess) return fn(new Error('failed to load session'));
+    store.createSession(req, sess);
+    fn();
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Destroy `this` session.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.destroy = function(fn){
+  delete this.req.session;
+  this.req.sessionStore.destroy(this.id, fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Regenerate this request's session.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Session} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Session.prototype.regenerate = function(fn){
+  this.req.sessionStore.regenerate(this.req, fn);
+  return this;
+};

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session/store.js

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Connect - session - Store
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
+  , Session = require('./session')
+  , Cookie = require('./cookie');
+
+/**
+ * Initialize abstract `Store`.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var Store = module.exports = function Store(options){};
+
+/**
+ * Inherit from `EventEmitter.prototype`.
+ */
+
+Store.prototype.__proto__ = EventEmitter.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Re-generate the given requests's session.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingRequest} req
+ * @return {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Store.prototype.regenerate = function(req, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  this.destroy(req.sessionID, function(err){
+    self.generate(req);
+    fn(err);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Load a `Session` instance via the given `sid`
+ * and invoke the callback `fn(err, sess)`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} sid
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Store.prototype.load = function(sid, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  this.get(sid, function(err, sess){
+    if (err) return fn(err);
+    if (!sess) return fn();
+    var req = { sessionID: sid, sessionStore: self };
+    sess = self.createSession(req, sess);
+    fn(null, sess);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create session from JSON `sess` data.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingRequest} req
+ * @param {Object} sess
+ * @return {Session}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Store.prototype.createSession = function(req, sess){
+  var expires = sess.cookie.expires
+    , orig = sess.cookie.originalMaxAge;
+  sess.cookie = new Cookie(sess.cookie);
+  if ('string' == typeof expires) sess.cookie.expires = new Date(expires);
+  sess.cookie.originalMaxAge = orig;
+  req.session = new Session(req, sess);
+  return req.session;
+};

node_modules/connect-architect/connect.session/session/utils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Connect - utils
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var http = require('http')
+  , crypto = require('crypto')
+  , parse = require('url').parse
+  , sep = require('path').sep
+  , signature = require('cookie-signature')
+  , nodeVersion = process.versions.node.split('.');
+
+// pause is broken in node < 0.10
+exports.brokenPause = parseInt(nodeVersion[0], 10) === 0
+  && parseInt(nodeVersion[1], 10) < 10;
+
+/**
+ * Return `true` if the request has a body, otherwise return `false`.
+ *
+ * @param  {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.hasBody = function(req) {
+  var encoding = 'transfer-encoding' in req.headers;
+  var length = 'content-length' in req.headers && req.headers['content-length'] !== '0';
+  return encoding || length;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract the mime type from the given request's
+ * _Content-Type_ header.
+ *
+ * @param  {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.mime = function(req) {
+  var str = req.headers['content-type'] || '';
+  return str.split(';')[0];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generate an `Error` from the given status `code`
+ * and optional `msg`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} code
+ * @param {String} msg
+ * @return {Error}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.error = function(code, msg){
+  var err = new Error(msg || http.STATUS_CODES[code]);
+  err.status = code;
+  return err;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return md5 hash of the given string and optional encoding,
+ * defaulting to hex.
+ *
+ *     utils.md5('wahoo');
+ *     // => "e493298061761236c96b02ea6aa8a2ad"
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @param {String} encoding
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.md5 = function(str, encoding){
+  return crypto
+    .createHash('md5')
+    .update(str, 'utf8')
+    .digest(encoding || 'hex');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merge object b with object a.
+ *
+ *     var a = { foo: 'bar' }
+ *       , b = { bar: 'baz' };
+ *
+ *     utils.merge(a, b);
+ *     // => { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} a
+ * @param {Object} b
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.merge = function(a, b){
+  if (a && b) {
+    for (var key in b) {
+      a[key] = b[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return a;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Escape the given string of `html`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} html
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.escape = function(html){
+  return String(html)
+    .replace(/&(?!\w+;)/g, '&amp;')
+    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+    .replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sign the given `val` with `secret`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @param {String} secret
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.sign = function(val, secret){
+  console.warn('do not use utils.sign(), use https://github.com/visionmedia/node-cookie-signature')
+  return val + '.' + crypto
+    .createHmac('sha256', secret)
+    .update(val)
+    .digest('base64')
+    .replace(/=+$/, '');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unsign and decode the given `val` with `secret`,
+ * returning `false` if the signature is invalid.
+ *
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @param {String} secret
+ * @return {String|Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.unsign = function(val, secret){
+  console.warn('do not use utils.unsign(), use https://github.com/visionmedia/node-cookie-signature')
+  var str = val.slice(0, val.lastIndexOf('.'));
+  return exports.sign(str, secret) == val
+    ? str
+    : false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse signed cookies, returning an object
+ * containing the decoded key/value pairs,
+ * while removing the signed key from `obj`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseSignedCookies = function(obj, secret){
+  var ret = {};
+  Object.keys(obj).forEach(function(key){
+    var val = obj[key];
+    if (0 == val.indexOf('s:')) {
+      val = signature.unsign(val.slice(2), secret);
+      if (val) {
+        ret[key] = val;
+        delete obj[key];
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse a signed cookie string, return the decoded value
+ *
+ * @param {String} str signed cookie string
+ * @param {String} secret
+ * @return {String} decoded value
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseSignedCookie = function(str, secret){
+  return 0 == str.indexOf('s:')
+    ? signature.unsign(str.slice(2), secret)
+    : str;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse JSON cookies.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseJSONCookies = function(obj){
+  Object.keys(obj).forEach(function(key){
+    var val = obj[key];
+    var res = exports.parseJSONCookie(val);
+    if (res) obj[key] = res;
+  });
+  return obj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse JSON cookie string
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Object} Parsed object or null if not json cookie
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseJSONCookie = function(str) {
+  if (0 == str.indexOf('j:')) {
+    try {
+      return JSON.parse(str.slice(2));
+    } catch (err) {
+      // no op
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pause `data` and `end` events on the given `obj`.
+ * Middleware performing async tasks _should_ utilize
+ * this utility (or similar), to re-emit data once
+ * the async operation has completed, otherwise these
+ * events may be lost. Pause is only required for
+ * node versions less than 10, and is replaced with
+ * noop's otherwise.
+ *
+ *      var pause = utils.pause(req);
+ *      fs.readFile(path, function(){
+ *         next();
+ *         pause.resume();
+ *      });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.pause = exports.brokenPause
+  ? require('pause')
+  : function () {
+    return {
+      end: noop,
+      resume: noop
+    }
+  }
+
+/**
+ * Strip `Content-*` headers from `res`.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerResponse} res
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.removeContentHeaders = function(res){
+  if (!res._headers) return;
+  Object.keys(res._headers).forEach(function(field){
+    if (0 == field.indexOf('content')) {
+      res.removeHeader(field);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if `req` is a conditional GET request.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.conditionalGET = function(req) {
+  return req.headers['if-modified-since']
+    || req.headers['if-none-match'];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Respond with 401 "Unauthorized".
+ *
+ * @param {ServerResponse} res
+ * @param {String} realm
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.unauthorized = function(res, realm) {
+  res.statusCode = 401;
+  res.setHeader('WWW-Authenticate', 'Basic realm="' + realm + '"');
+  res.end('Unauthorized');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Respond with 304 "Not Modified".
+ *
+ * @param {ServerResponse} res
+ * @param {Object} headers
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.notModified = function(res) {
+  exports.removeContentHeaders(res);
+  res.statusCode = 304;
+  res.end();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return an ETag in the form of `"<size>-<mtime>"`
+ * from the given `stat`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} stat
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.etag = function(stat) {
+  return '"' + stat.size + '-' + Number(stat.mtime) + '"';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given Cache-Control `str`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseCacheControl = function(str){
+  var directives = str.split(',')
+    , obj = {};
+
+  for(var i = 0, len = directives.length; i < len; i++) {
+    var parts = directives[i].split('=')
+      , key = parts.shift().trim()
+      , val = parseInt(parts.shift(), 10);
+
+    obj[key] = isNaN(val) ? true : val;
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the `req` url with memoization.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerRequest} req
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseUrl = function(req){
+  var parsed = req._parsedUrl;
+  if (parsed && parsed.href == req.url) {
+    return parsed;
+  } else {
+    parsed = parse(req.url);
+
+    if (parsed.auth && !parsed.protocol && ~parsed.href.indexOf('//')) {
+      // This parses pathnames, and a strange pathname like //r@e should work
+      parsed = parse(req.url.replace(/@/g, '%40'));
+    }
+
+    return req._parsedUrl = parsed;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse byte `size` string.
+ *
+ * @param {String} size
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseBytes = require('bytes');
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes the path separator from system separator
+ * to URL separator, aka `/`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.normalizeSlashes = function normalizeSlashes(path) {
+  return path.split(sep).join('/');
+};
+
+function noop() {}