kopia lustrzana https://github.com/mobilinkd/NucleoTNC
Add M17 Setup Guide.
Rob Riggs
rodzic
1f3925a462
commit
6126fd7af6
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Mobilinkd M17 Setup Guide\n",
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"\n",
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"This is a guide on how to properly configure and use the Mobilinkd TNC3\n",
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"for M17 voice and data communication.\n",
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"\n",
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"This guide assumes that you will be using the TNC3 with a suitable\n",
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"9600-baud capable radio, and that you have the proper cable to\n",
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"connect the TNC3 to the radio. It also assumes that you will be\n",
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"using the [M17-KISS-HT](https://github.com/mobilinkd/m17-kiss-ht)\n",
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"Android app for voice communications.\n",
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"\n",
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"The guide assumes familiarity with GNU Radio for the M17 receive\n",
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"tests. And it assumes that you can side-load apps to your Android\n",
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"device.\n",
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"\n",
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"This is very much a guide for the experienced experimenter, and not\n",
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"a step-by-step guide designed for beginners.\n",
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"\n",
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"I will gladly accept pull requests for added detail for any of the\n",
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"sections below, or for setup hints for specific radio models.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Required Tools\n",
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"\n",
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" 1. An RTL-SDR (TCXO-based, or well-characterized) with antenna.\n",
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" 1. A Pluto SDR with accurate timebase (or other suitable transmit-capable SDR)\n",
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" 1. A Linux-based computer with working sound system\n",
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" 1. The `rtl-sdr` package installed, which contains `/usr/bin/rtl_fm`.\n",
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" 1. [m17-cxx-demod](https://github.com/mobilinkd/m17-cxx-demod) built for Linux\n",
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" 1. GQRX or other GUI-based software for viewing the spectrum by an RTL-SDR\n",
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" 1. A working GNU Radio installation with gr-iio (or sink for your SDR transmitter)\n",
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" 1. Android device running a recent version of Android (10 or greater)\n",
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" 1. The Mobilinkd Config App installed on the Android device\n",
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" 1. M17-KISS-HT installed on the Android device (must be side-loaded)\n",
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" 1. A USB-OTG adapter for the Android device, and an USB cable to connect to the TNC\n",
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" 1. A dummy load\n",
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" \n",
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"Please note that both SDRs will require accurate reference clocks.\n",
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"4-FSK requires reasonably accurate transmit and receive frequencies to\n",
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"be decoded properly. If your SDR has a 20ppm clock, you can be off by\n",
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"8kHz on 70cm. It will be impossible to tune the system properly with\n",
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"such an error. The maximum error that will work is about 500Hz, and\n",
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"less than 100Hz is preferred. That's a 1ppm error, max, at 70cm.\n",
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"\n",
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"We will be connecting to the TNC via USB-OTG rather than over BLE\n",
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"as it been considerably more reliable. The BLE connection has been\n",
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"unreliable on certain phones and Android versions.\n",
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"\n",
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"### Recommended Tools\n",
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"\n",
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" 1. RF filters for the transmit SDR\n",
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" 1. RF attenuators 20-40dB\n",
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" 1. Spectrum Analyzer\n",
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" 1. Cables and adapters that allow connecting the SDR to\n",
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" the radio through an attenuator.\n",
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" \n",
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"## Overview\n",
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"\n",
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"We will be performing the following steps:\n",
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"\n",
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" 1. Configure the TX deviation of the TNC/radio pair\n",
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" 1. Configure the TX polarity of the TNC/radio pair\n",
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" 1. Run a TX BERT (bit error rate test)\n",
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" 1. Set up M17-KISS-HT\n",
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" 1. Configure the RX polarity of the TNC/radio pair\n",
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" 1. Run an RX BERT\n",
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" 1. Transmit and receive voice\n",
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"\n",
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"## Resources\n",
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"\n",
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" * TNC3 Firmware: https://github.com/mobilinkd/tnc3-firmware/releases\n",
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" * Mobilinkd Config App: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mobilinkd.tncconfig\n",
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" * M17 KISS HT Android App: https://github.com/mobilinkd/m17-kiss-ht/releases\n",
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" * M17 C++ Demodulator (m17-cxx-demod): https://github.com/mobilinkd/m17-cxx-demod/\n",
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"\n",
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"## Prep Work\n",
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"\n",
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"All of the detailed setup steps outlined in the sections below assume that\n",
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"this prep work has been completed.\n",
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"\n",
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" * Connect the radio to a suitable dummy load.\n",
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" * Install the M17 firmware (currently version 2.4.1) on the TNC3.\n",
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" * Install the Mobilinkd Config app on the Android device.\n",
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" * Side-load the M17 KISS HT app on the Android device.\n",
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" * Pair the Mobilinkd TNC3 with the Android Device. Leave the TNC turned on.\n",
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" * Connect the TNC3 to the radio.\n",
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" * Turn on the radio and set it to the desired test frequency.\n",
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" * Connect the RTL-SDR with an antenna to the computer.\n",
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" * Connect the Pluto (with an antenna connected to the TX port) to the computer.\n",
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" * Install GQRX and GNU Radio if not already installed.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"### Configure the TNC3 for M17\n",
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"\n",
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"Open the Mobilinkd Config app, connect to the TNC, and go to *Modem Settings*.\n",
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"\n",
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"Select *M17 4-FSK* as the modem type.\n",
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"\n",
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"Select *Close*.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-modem-settings.png\" alt=\"TNC3 modem settings for M17\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Select *Save Settings*\n",
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"\n",
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"### Install and Build m17-cxx-demod\n",
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"\n",
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"Install the required libraries for m17-cxx-demod: boost-devel and codec2-devel.\n",
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"These may be named differently on your Linux platform. `m17-cxx-demod` requires\n",
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"the `codec2` library and the `Boost program-options` library.\n",
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"\n",
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"Clone the m17-cxx-demod repo and build the M17 C++ tools.\n",
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"\n",
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" git clone https://github.com/mobilinkd/m17-cxx-demod.git\n",
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" cd m17-cxx-demod\n",
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" mkdir build\n",
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" cd build\n",
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" cmake ..\n",
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" make\n",
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" make test\n",
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"\n",
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"## When Transmitting...\n",
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"\n",
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"Choose a test frequency that is unused and unlikely to interfere with\n",
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"other amateur radio users.\n",
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"\n",
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"You may have an obligation to announce your callsign on the frequency that\n",
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"you are transmitting on. If you are conducting open-air tests using an\n",
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"antenna -- not via a dummy load or via direct coax connection between\n",
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"radios -- you should announce at the start of the test, as frequently\n",
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"as required by law, and when you are finished with the tests.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Mobilinkd Config App\n",
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"\n",
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"The *Audio Output Settings* of the Mobilinkd Config app was designed for\n",
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"configuring 1200 baud AFSK audio levels. There are tone settings for\n",
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"1200Hz, 2200Hz, and Both. Those settings are mapped as follows when\n",
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"the TNC is in M17 mode:\n",
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"\n",
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" * 1200Hz -> 2400Hz (M17 Preamble)\n",
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" * 2200Hz -> 1000Hz (M17 Deviation Aid)\n",
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" * BOTH -> M17 BER Mode.\n",
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"\n",
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"BER mode implements the M17 BER testing specification.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Transmit Deviation\n",
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"\n",
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"This section assumes that you have completed the [Prep Work](#Prep-Work) steps above.\n",
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"\n",
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"**NOTE:** The preferred way to do this is with a spectrum analyzer instead of an\n",
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"RTL-SDR and GQRX. Use an appropriately sized attenuator between the radio and the\n",
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"instrument. Set the span to 50kHz and the RBW to 300Hz. Follow the output\n",
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"adjustment procedure below.\n",
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"\n",
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"Start `GQRX` and tune to the desired frequency. The examples below use\n",
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"144.910MHz for the test frequency.\n",
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"\n",
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"In the *Input Controls* tab, set the appropriate frequency correction factor\n",
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"for your RTL-SDR. If you are not using an accurate TCXO, it must be set very\n",
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"close to the PPM offset of your RTL-SDR. You need to be within 1PPM.\n",
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"\n",
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"In the *Receiver Options* tab, select Narrow FM in the *Mode* setting. Select\n",
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"the \"...\" to the right of the *Mode* selection. Set the maximum deviation to\n",
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"2.5kHz and the Tau factor to 0.\n",
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"\n",
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"In the *FFT Settings* tab, use the *Freq Zoom* slider to increase the zoom\n",
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"factor to 10-20x. You may need to adjust this later while testing to get the\n",
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"best view.\n",
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"\n",
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"Start the receiver using *Play* button.\n",
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"\n",
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"Open the Mobilinkd Config app on the Android device, connect to the TNC,\n",
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"then select *Audio Output Settings*. Select the *2200Hz* for the *Output Tone*.\n",
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"When in M17 mode, this will transmit a 1000Hz tone. A 1000Hz tone will create\n",
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"the first Bessel null at 2405Hz deviation. This is very close to the value\n",
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"needed for M17.\n",
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"\n",
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"Press the *Transmit* button. Observe the received spectrum in *GQRX*.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-audio-output.png\" alt=\"TNC3 audio output for M17\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"Adjust the output level until you see carrier (the middle peak) dip to its\n",
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"lowest point. It may require careful adjustment of the slider on the app\n",
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"as it was not really designed for such small adjustments that are required\n",
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"here.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-bessel-null.png\" alt=\"GQRX Bessel null for M17\" style=\"width: 600px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"After the output setting has been adjusted to the desired level, press the\n",
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"*Transmit* button to stop transmitting. Press *Close* to go back to the\n",
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"main menu, then select *Save Settings*.\n",
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"\n",
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"Press the *Play* button in *GQRX* to stop the receiver. You can now exit *GQRX*.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Configure TX Polarity\n",
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"\n",
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"This section assumes that you have completed the [Prep Work](#Prep-Work) steps above. \n",
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"\n",
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"We are going to run rtl_fm and m17-cxx-demod to receive and decode M17 from the\n",
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"TNC and radio. The TNC will sent a BER (bit error-rate) test sequence.\n",
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"\n",
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"Inside the `m17-cxx-demod/build` directory from earlier, run the following command:\n",
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"\n",
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" rtl_fm -F 9 -f 144.91M -s 18k | sox -t s16 -r 18k -c1 - -t raw - gain 9 rate -v -s 48k | ./apps/m17-demod -d -l > /dev/null\n",
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"\n",
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"You may need to set a `\"-p\"` option value for `rtl_fm` to adjust for the\n",
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"clock error on your RTL-SDR dongle.\n",
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"\n",
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"Using a wide screen is best since it will output a wide diagnostics line. If the\n",
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"terminal window is too narrow, it will scroll endlessly and be hard to read. A\n",
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"width of 160 characters is about right.\n",
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"\n",
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" * Open the *Mobilinkd Config App* on the Android device.\n",
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" * Connect to the TNC.\n",
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" * Open *Audio Output Settings*.\n",
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" * Select *Both* for the *Output Tone*. This will send a BER test sequence.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-tx-ber-test.png\" alt=\"M17 BER test for TX Polarity\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"Observe the results from the `m17-demod` program in the terminal window. A\n",
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"good result will look something like this:\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-ber-test-2.png\" alt=\"M17 BER test for TX Polarity (good)\" style=\"width: 600px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"If, instead, you see something like the below result showing a high BER rate\n",
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"(typically 80+), you likely need to change the polarity.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-ber-test-1.png\" alt=\"M17 BER test for TX Polarity (bad)\" style=\"width: 600px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"Stop transmitting, close the *Audio Output Settings* and open *Modem Settings*.\n",
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"Enable the *TX Reverse Polarity* option. Then repeat the BER test above.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-tx-reverse-polarity.png\" alt=\"M17 setting TX Reverse Polarity\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"Stop transmitting. If the results look good after changing the polarity, go\n",
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"back to the main menu and press *Save Settings*.\n",
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"\n",
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"If the results are still bad, stop check all of the frequency settings. Verify\n",
|
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"the PPM settings on the RTL-SDR. Ensure that your radio's VCO is properly\n",
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"calibrated and that it is transmitting and receiving at the proper frequency.\n",
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"\n",
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"You can also reach out to #public-chat on the M17 Discord for help.\n",
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"\n",
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"In the Mobilindk Config app, press the *Disconnect* button to disconnect from\n",
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"the TNC.\n",
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"\n",
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"## M17 KISS HT\n",
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"\n",
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"This section assumes that you have completed the [Prep Work](#Prep-Work) steps\n",
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"above, including side loading of the *M17 KISS HT* app.\n",
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"\n",
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" * Ensure that there is no existing connection to the TNC.\n",
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" * Connect the USB cable to the USB OTG adapter.\n",
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" * Plug the USB OTG adapter into the Android device.\n",
|
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" * Plug the USB cable into the Mobilinkd TNC.\n",
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"\n",
|
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"You should be presented with a dialog to open the connection with an app.\n",
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"Choose the *M17 HT* app.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-usb-connection.png\" alt=\"M17 TNC USB Connection\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
|
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"</table>\n",
|
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"\n",
|
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"The first thing you need to do in order to use the app is to set your\n",
|
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"callsign. This can include a suffix designator. Here you see that I\n",
|
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"chose \"WX9O-8\" to distinguish this connection.\n",
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"\n",
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"<table>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-kiss-ht-callsign.png\" alt=\"M17 KISS HT Callsign\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
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"</table>\n",
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"\n",
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"### Voice Transmission\n",
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"\n",
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"We are going to run the m17-cxx-demod program again, this time taking the\n",
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"demodulated output and sending it to the computer's sound system.\n",
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"\n",
|
||||
" rtl_fm -F 9 -f 144.91M -s 18k | sox -t s16 -r 18k -c1 - -t raw - gain 9 rate -v -s 48k | ./apps/m17-demod -d -l | play -b 16 -r 8000 -c1 -t s16 -\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"This is the same command used for BER testing and setting up the TX polarity,\n",
|
||||
"except we are now piping the output to the computer's audio output.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Press the transmit button on the M17 HT app. A short press locks the transmit\n",
|
||||
"button. Another short press disengages the transmit button. If instead you\n",
|
||||
"hold the button for longer than 1/2 second, it will stop transmitting as soon\n",
|
||||
"as you release the button.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Press the transmit button, speak, then release the transmit button. It is\n",
|
||||
"likely that you will hear a long delay before the received audio plays. This\n",
|
||||
"is because the pipeline used in the command above has high latency due to\n",
|
||||
"the buffers in each stage of the pipeline.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"You should hear your voice and see something like this in the terminal window.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"<table>\n",
|
||||
" <tr>\n",
|
||||
" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-ht-voice-transmit.png\" alt=\"M17 KISS Voice Transmit Test\" style=\"width: 600px;\"/> </td>\n",
|
||||
" </tr>\n",
|
||||
"</table>\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Notice that the callsign was decoded.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"The long audio delay can be reduced somewhat by using `stdbuf`. This makes the\n",
|
||||
"command-line a bit unwieldy.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
" stdbuf -o0 rtl_fm -F 9 -f 144.91M -s 18k | stdbuf -i0 -o0 sox --buffer 24 -t s16 -r 18k -c1 - -t raw - gain 9 rate -v -s 48k | stdbuf -i0 -o0 ./apps/m17-demod -d -l -b | stdbuf -i0 play --buffer 24 -q -b 16 -r 8000 -c1 -t s16 -\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"### M17 BER Receive Test\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"For this test you will need the `m17-gnuradio` repo cloned.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"**NOTE:** If you are using an SDR other than an ADALM Pluto, please\n",
|
||||
"verify that the output polarity is correct first by attempting to\n",
|
||||
"receive it using the method outline in [Configure TX Polarity](#Configure-TX-Polarity).\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Set up your Pluto SDR or other transmit-capable SDR. Install any required\n",
|
||||
"filters and transmit antenna. If you can, connect the SDR to the radio\n",
|
||||
"under test through a 30dB or 40dB attenuator. Be very careful if you do\n",
|
||||
"connect the SDR to the radio because it is very easy to damage the SDR\n",
|
||||
"if the radio transmits.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Open *GNU Radio Companion* (GRC) and within that, open the `m17-bert.grc` file.\n",
|
||||
"Adjust the output sink paramters (including the frequency) for the test. You\n",
|
||||
"may need to adjust the pathnam in the *File Source* block so that the `bert.bin` \n",
|
||||
"file can be found. The path is typically relative to your HOME directory.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Once done, click the *Play* button on GRC. It should start transmitting a\n",
|
||||
"BER test sequence similar to the one transmitted by the Mobilinkd Config app.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Connect the TNC to the Android device via the USB-OTG connection used earlier.\n",
|
||||
"Once connected, the TNC should start receiving the BER test sequence. It is\n",
|
||||
"likely that you will see some error if you start receiving in the middle of\n",
|
||||
"the test sequence.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"<table>\n",
|
||||
" <tr>\n",
|
||||
" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-rx-ber-test.png\" alt=\"M17 KISS BER Test\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
|
||||
" </tr>\n",
|
||||
"</table>\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"If you do not see the app go into BER test mode, you will need to troubleshoot\n",
|
||||
"the issue.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
" 1. Verify that the receive indicator on the TNC is green. If not, check the\n",
|
||||
" transmit frequency and transmit power levels. Check the radio's receive\n",
|
||||
" frequency is correct and that it is not set for a repeater split.\n",
|
||||
" 1. If the receive indicator is green, disconnect the USB OTG cable from\n",
|
||||
" the Android device. Open the Mobilinkd Config app. Connect to the TNC.\n",
|
||||
" Select *Modem Settings*, then enable `RX Reverse Polarity`. Press *Close*\n",
|
||||
" and then *Save Settings*. Repeat the experiment.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"### Voice Reception\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"The voice reception test is quite similar to the BER test above. It is another\n",
|
||||
"GNU Radio flowgraph that transmits a long-form English language voice program\n",
|
||||
"for amateur radio.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"This assumes the ADALM Pluto, radio and TNC are configured the same as with\n",
|
||||
"the BER Receive Test. If it is not, follow the setup steps in that section.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Open *GNU Radio Companion* (GRC) and within that, open the `m17-arn.grc` file.\n",
|
||||
"Adjust the output sink paramters (including the frequency) for the test. You\n",
|
||||
"may need to adjust the pathnam in the *File Source* block so that the `Report2288.bin` \n",
|
||||
"file can be found. The path is typically relative to your HOME directory.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Connect the TNC to the Android device via the USB-OTG connection used earlier.\n",
|
||||
"This should start the M17 HT app.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Click the *Play* button on GRC. It will start transmitting a voice program,\n",
|
||||
"which you should hear being received on the Android device.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"<table>\n",
|
||||
" <tr>\n",
|
||||
" <td> <img src=\"images/m17-rx-voice-test.png\" alt=\"M17 KISS HT Voice Receive Test\" style=\"width: 300px;\"/> </td>\n",
|
||||
" </tr>\n",
|
||||
"</table>"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"## M17 on Yaesu FT-991\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"This section outlines set up steps and some issues with the Yeasu FT-991.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"### Radio Setup Steps\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Press the *Menu* button and adjust the following settings to use the packet data port for M17:\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
" * Set `76 FM PKT PTT SELECT` to `DAKY`\n",
|
||||
" * Set `77 FM PKT PORT SELECT` to `DATA`\n",
|
||||
" * Set `78 FM PKT TX GAIN` to `64`\n",
|
||||
" * Set `79 FM PKT MODE` to `9600`\n",
|
||||
" \n",
|
||||
"Press the *Menu* button again to go back to the main screen.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Press the *Mode* button and select `DATA-FM`. Press *Mode* again to go back to the main screen.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"### TNC Setup Steps\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Enable the `TX Reverse Polarity` option in the modem settings for this radio.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"### Known Issues\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"On my unit, the frequency stability when it first starts transmitting is rather poor.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"<table>\n",
|
||||
" <tr>\n",
|
||||
" <td> <img src=\"images/wobbly-freq-accuracy.png\" alt=\"FT-991 wobbly frequency\" style=\"width: 600px;\"/> </td>\n",
|
||||
" </tr>\n",
|
||||
"</table>\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Note the wobbly lines at the start of the transmission. This lasts for a few\n",
|
||||
"seconds. It causes a burst of bit errors at the start of the transmission."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"execution_count": null,
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"source": []
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"metadata": {
|
||||
"kernelspec": {
|
||||
"display_name": "Python 3",
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"name": "python3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"language_info": {
|
||||
"codemirror_mode": {
|
||||
"name": "ipython",
|
||||
"version": 3
|
||||
},
|
||||
"file_extension": ".py",
|
||||
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
||||
"name": "python",
|
||||
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
||||
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
||||
"version": "3.9.7"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"nbformat": 4,
|
||||
"nbformat_minor": 4
|
||||
}
|
||||
Ładowanie…
Reference in New Issue