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MCUME/MCUME_pico/FatFs_SPI/sd_driver/sd_card.c

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/*
* This code borrows heavily from the Mbed SDBlockDevice:
* https://os.mbed.com/docs/mbed-os/v5.15/apis/sdblockdevice.html
* mbed-os/components/storage/blockdevice/COMPONENT_SD/SDBlockDevice.cpp
*
* Editor: Carl Kugler (carlk3@gmail.com)
*
* Remember your ABCs: "Always Be Cobbling!"
*/
/* mbed Microcontroller Library
* Copyright (c) 2006-2013 ARM Limited
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/* Introduction
* ------------
* SD and MMC cards support a number of interfaces, but common to them all
* is one based on SPI. Since we already have the mbed SPI Interface, it will
* be used for SD cards.
*
* The main reference I'm using is Chapter 7, "SPI Mode" of:
* http://www.sdcard.org/developers/tech/sdcard/pls/Simplified_Physical_Layer_Spec.pdf
*
* SPI Startup
* -----------
* The SD card powers up in SD mode. The start-up procedure is complicated
* by the requirement to support older SDCards in a backwards compatible
* way with the new higher capacity variants SDHC and SDHC.
*
* The following figures from the specification with associated text describe
* the SPI mode initialisation process:
* - Figure 7-1: SD Memory Card State Diagram (SPI mode)
* - Figure 7-2: SPI Mode Initialization Flow
*
* Firstly, a low initial clock should be selected (in the range of 100-
* 400kHZ). After initialisation has been completed, the switch to a
* higher clock speed can be made (e.g. 1MHz). Newer cards will support
* higher speeds than the default _transfer_sck defined here.
*
* Next, note the following from the SDCard specification (note to
* Figure 7-1):
*
* In any of the cases CMD1 is not recommended because it may be difficult for
* the host to distinguish between MultiMediaCard and SD Memory Card
*
* Hence CMD1 is not used for the initialisation sequence.
*
* The SPI interface mode is selected by asserting CS low and sending the
* reset command (CMD0). The card will respond with a (R1) response.
* In practice many cards initially respond with 0xff or invalid data
* which is ignored. Data is read until a valid response is received
* or the number of re-reads has exceeded a maximim count. If a valid
* response is not received then the CMD0 can be retried. This
* has been found to successfully initialise cards where the SPI master
* (on MCU) has been reset but the SDCard has not, so the first
* CMD0 may be lost.
*
* CMD8 is optionally sent to determine the voltage range supported, and
* indirectly determine whether it is a version 1.x SD/non-SD card or
* version 2.x. I'll just ignore this for now.
*
* ACMD41 is repeatedly issued to initialise the card, until "in idle"
* (bit 0) of the R1 response goes to '0', indicating it is initialised.
*
* You should also indicate whether the host supports High Capicity cards,
* and check whether the card is high capacity - i'll also ignore this
*
* SPI Protocol
* ------------
* The SD SPI protocol is based on transactions made up of 8-bit words, with
* the host starting every bus transaction by asserting the CS signal low. The
* card always responds to commands, data blocks and errors.
*
* The protocol supports a CRC, but by default it is off (except for the
* first reset CMD0, where the CRC can just be pre-calculated, and CMD8)
* I'll leave the CRC off I think!
*
* Standard capacity cards have variable data block sizes, whereas High
* Capacity cards fix the size of data block to 512 bytes. I'll therefore
* just always use the Standard Capacity cards with a block size of 512 bytes.
* This is set with CMD16.
*
* You can read and write single blocks (CMD17, CMD25) or multiple blocks
* (CMD18, CMD25). For simplicity, I'll just use single block accesses. When
* the card gets a read command, it responds with a response token, and then
* a data token or an error.
*
* SPI Command Format
* ------------------
* Commands are 6-bytes long, containing the command, 32-bit argument, and CRC.
*
* +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
* | 01 | cmd[5:0] | arg[31:24] | arg[23:16] | arg[15:8] | arg[7:0] | crc[6:0] |
* 1 |
* +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
*
* As I'm not using CRC, I can fix that byte to what is needed for CMD0 (0x95)
*
* All Application Specific commands shall be preceded with APP_CMD (CMD55).
*
* SPI Response Format
* -------------------
* The main response format (R1) is a status byte (normally zero). Key flags:
* idle - 1 if the card is in an idle state/initialising
* cmd - 1 if an illegal command code was detected
*
* +-------------------------------------------------+
* R1 | 0 | arg | addr | seq | crc | cmd | erase | idle |
* +-------------------------------------------------+
*
* R1b is the same, except it is followed by a busy signal (zeros) until
* the first non-zero byte when it is ready again.
*
* Data Response Token
* -------------------
* Every data block written to the card is acknowledged by a byte
* response token
*
* +----------------------+
* | xxx | 0 | status | 1 |
* +----------------------+
* 010 - OK!
* 101 - CRC Error
* 110 - Write Error
*
* Single Block Read and Write
* ---------------------------
*
* Block transfers have a byte header, followed by the data, followed
* by a 16-bit CRC. In our case, the data will always be 512 bytes.
*
* +------+---------+---------+- - - -+---------+-----------+----------+
* | 0xFE | data[0] | data[1] | | data[n] | crc[15:8] | crc[7:0] |
* +------+---------+---------+- - - -+---------+-----------+----------+
*/
/* Standard includes. */
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <string.h>
//
#include "my_debug.h"
#include "hw_config.h" // Hardware Configuration of the SPI and SD Card "objects"
#include "sd_spi.h"
//
#include "sd_card.h"
#define SD_CRC_ENABLED 1
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
#include "crc.h"
static bool crc_on = true;
#endif
#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
//#define TRACE_PRINTF printf
#define TRC_PR_ADD(fmt, args...)
//#define TRC_PR_ADD printf
#define TRACE_PRINTF2(fmt, args...)
/*
#define TRACE_PRINTF2(format, ...) \
{ \
printf(format, __VA_ARGS__); \
fflush(stdout); \
}
*/
/* Control Tokens */
#define SPI_DATA_RESPONSE_MASK (0x1F)
#define SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED (0x05)
#define SPI_DATA_CRC_ERROR (0x0B)
#define SPI_DATA_WRITE_ERROR (0x0D)
#define SPI_START_BLOCK \
(0xFE) /*!< For Single Block Read/Write and Multiple Block Read */
#define SPI_START_BLK_MUL_WRITE (0xFC) /*!< Start Multi-block write */
#define SPI_STOP_TRAN (0xFD) /*!< Stop Multi-block write */
#define SPI_DATA_READ_ERROR_MASK (0xF) /*!< Data Error Token: 4 LSB bits */
#define SPI_READ_ERROR (0x1 << 0) /*!< Error */
#define SPI_READ_ERROR_CC (0x1 << 1) /*!< CC Error*/
#define SPI_READ_ERROR_ECC_C (0x1 << 2) /*!< Card ECC failed */
#define SPI_READ_ERROR_OFR (0x1 << 3) /*!< Out of Range */
// SPI Slave Select
#define SSEL_ACTIVE (0)
#define SSEL_INACTIVE (1)
/** Represents the different SD/MMC card types */
// Types
#define SDCARD_NONE 0 /**< No card is present */
#define SDCARD_V1 1 /**< v1.x Standard Capacity */
#define SDCARD_V2 2 /**< v2.x Standard capacity SD card */
#define SDCARD_V2HC 3 /**< v2.x High capacity SD card */
#define CARD_UNKNOWN 4 /**< Unknown or unsupported card */
// Only HC block size is supported. Making this a static constant reduces code
// size.
#define BLOCK_SIZE_HC 512 /*!< Block size supported for SD card is 512 bytes */
static const uint32_t _block_size = BLOCK_SIZE_HC;
/* R1 Response Format */
#define R1_NO_RESPONSE (0xFF)
#define R1_RESPONSE_RECV (0x80)
#define R1_IDLE_STATE (1 << 0)
#define R1_ERASE_RESET (1 << 1)
#define R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND (1 << 2)
#define R1_COM_CRC_ERROR (1 << 3)
#define R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR (1 << 4)
#define R1_ADDRESS_ERROR (1 << 5)
#define R1_PARAMETER_ERROR (1 << 6)
// Supported SD Card Commands
typedef enum {
CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED = -1, /**< Command not supported error */
CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE = 0, /**< Resets the SD Memory Card */
CMD1_SEND_OP_COND = 1, /**< Sends host capacity support */
CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC = 6, /**< Check and Switches card function */
CMD8_SEND_IF_COND = 8, /**< Supply voltage info */
CMD9_SEND_CSD = 9, /**< Provides Card Specific data */
CMD10_SEND_CID = 10, /**< Provides Card Identification */
CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION = 12, /**< Forces the card to stop transmission */
CMD13_SEND_STATUS = 13, /**< Card responds with status */
CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN = 16, /**< Length for SC card is set */
CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK = 17, /**< Read single block of data */
CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK = 18, /**< Card transfers data blocks to host
until interrupted by a STOP_TRANSMISSION command */
CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK = 24, /**< Write single block of data */
CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK = 25, /**< Continuously writes blocks of data
until 'Stop Tran' token is sent */
CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD = 27, /**< Programming bits of CSD */
CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR = 32, /**< Sets the address of the first write
block to be erased. */
CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR = 33, /**< Sets the address of the last write
block of the continuous range to be erased.*/
CMD38_ERASE = 38, /**< Erases all previously selected write blocks */
CMD55_APP_CMD = 55, /**< Extend to Applications specific commands */
CMD56_GEN_CMD = 56, /**< General Purpose Command */
CMD58_READ_OCR = 58, /**< Read OCR register of card */
CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF = 59, /**< Turns the CRC option on or off*/
// App Commands
ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH = 6,
ACMD13_SD_STATUS = 13,
ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS = 22,
ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT = 23,
ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND = 41,
ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT = 42,
ACMD51_SEND_SCR = 51,
} cmdSupported;
/* SIZE in Bytes */
#define PACKET_SIZE 6 /*!< SD Packet size CMD+ARG+CRC */
#define R1_RESPONSE_SIZE 1 /*!< Size of R1 response */
#define R2_RESPONSE_SIZE 2 /*!< Size of R2 response */
#define R3_R7_RESPONSE_SIZE 5 /*!< Size of R3/R7 response */
/* R3 Response : OCR Register */
#define OCR_HCS_CCS (0x1 << 30)
#define OCR_LOW_VOLTAGE (0x01 << 24)
#define OCR_3_3V (0x1 << 20)
#define SPI_CMD(x) (0x40 | (x & 0x3f))
static bool driver_initialized;
static uint8_t sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_t *this, cmdSupported cmd, uint32_t arg) {
uint8_t response;
char cmdPacket[PACKET_SIZE];
// Prepare the command packet
cmdPacket[0] = SPI_CMD(cmd);
cmdPacket[1] = (arg >> 24);
cmdPacket[2] = (arg >> 16);
cmdPacket[3] = (arg >> 8);
cmdPacket[4] = (arg >> 0);
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (crc_on) {
cmdPacket[5] = (crc7(cmdPacket, 5) << 1) | 0x01;
} else
#endif
{
// CMD0 is executed in SD mode, hence should have correct CRC
// CMD8 CRC verification is always enabled
switch (cmd) {
case CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE:
cmdPacket[5] = 0x95;
break;
case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND:
cmdPacket[5] = 0x87;
break;
default:
cmdPacket[5] = 0xFF; // Make sure bit 0-End bit is high
break;
}
}
// send a command
for (int i = 0; i < PACKET_SIZE; i++) {
TRC_PR_ADD("[0x%02hhx] ", cmdPacket[i]);
sd_spi_write(this, cmdPacket[i]);
}
// The received byte immediataly following CMD12 is a stuff byte,
// it should be discarded before receive the response of the CMD12.
if (CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION == cmd) {
TRC_PR_ADD("[0x%02hhx] ", cmd);
sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
}
// Loop for response: Response is sent back within command response time
// (NCR), 0 to 8 bytes for SDC
for (int i = 0; i < 0x10; i++) {
response = sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
// Got the response
if (!(response & R1_RESPONSE_RECV)) {
break;
}
}
return response;
}
static bool sd_wait_ready(sd_card_t *this, int timeout) {
char resp;
// Keep sending dummy clocks with DI held high until the card releases the
// DO line
absolute_time_t timeout_time = make_timeout_time_ms(timeout);
do {
resp = sd_spi_write(this, 0xFF);
} while (resp == 0x00 &&
0 < absolute_time_diff_us(get_absolute_time(), timeout_time));
if (resp == 0x00) DBG_PRINTF("%s failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
// Return success/failure
return (resp > 0x00);
}
// An SD card can only do one thing at a time
static void sd_lock(sd_card_t *this) {
sd_spi_acquire(this);
}
static void sd_unlock(sd_card_t *this) {
sd_spi_release(this);
}
static const char *cmd2str(const cmdSupported cmd) {
switch (cmd) {
default:
return "CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED";
case CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE:
return "CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE";
case CMD1_SEND_OP_COND:
return "CMD1_SEND_OP_COND";
case CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC:
return "CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC";
case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND:
return "CMD8_SEND_IF_COND";
case CMD9_SEND_CSD:
return "CMD9_SEND_CSD";
case CMD10_SEND_CID:
return "CMD10_SEND_CID";
case CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION:
return "CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION";
case CMD13_SEND_STATUS:
return "CMD13_SEND_STATUS or ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH or "
"ACMD13_SD_STATUS";
case CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN:
return "CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN";
case CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK:
return "CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK";
case CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK:
return "CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK";
case CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK:
return "CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK";
case CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK:
return "CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK";
case CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD:
return "CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD";
case CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR:
return "CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR";
case CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR:
return "CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR";
case CMD38_ERASE:
return "CMD38_ERASE";
case CMD55_APP_CMD:
return "CMD55_APP_CMD";
case CMD56_GEN_CMD:
return "CMD56_GEN_CMD";
case CMD58_READ_OCR:
return "CMD58_READ_OCR";
case CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF:
return "CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF";
// case ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH:
// case ACMD13_SD_STATUS:
case ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS:
return "ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS";
case ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT:
return "ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT";
case ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND:
return "ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND";
case ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT:
return "ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT";
case ACMD51_SEND_SCR:
return "ACMD51_SEND_SCR";
}
}
#define SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT 5000 /*!< Timeout in ms for response */
static int sd_cmd(sd_card_t *this, const cmdSupported cmd, uint32_t arg,
bool isAcmd, uint32_t *resp) {
TRACE_PRINTF("%s(%s(0x%08lx)): ", __FUNCTION__, cmd2str(cmd), arg);
TRACE_PRINTF2("%s(0x%08lx): ", cmd2str(cmd), arg);
int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
uint32_t response;
// No need to wait for card to be ready when sending the stop command
if (CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION != cmd) {
if (false == sd_wait_ready(this, SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT)) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d: Card not ready yet\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
// Re-try command
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
// Send CMD55 for APP command first
if (isAcmd) {
TRACE_PRINTF("0x%02hhx ", CMD55_APP_CMD);
response = sd_cmd_spi(this, CMD55_APP_CMD, 0x0);
// Wait for card to be ready after CMD55
if (false == sd_wait_ready(this, SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT)) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d: Card not ready yet\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
// Send command over SPI interface
TRACE_PRINTF("0x02%hhx ", cmd);
response = sd_cmd_spi(this, cmd, arg);
if (R1_NO_RESPONSE == response) {
DBG_PRINTF("No response CMD:%d\n", cmd);
continue;
}
break;
}
TRC_PR_ADD("response=0x%08lx\n", response);
fflush(stdout);
// Pass the response to the command call if required
if (NULL != resp) {
*resp = response;
}
// Process the response R1 : Exit on CRC/Illegal command error/No response
if (R1_NO_RESPONSE == response) {
DBG_PRINTF("No response CMD:%d response: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd,
response);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE; // No device
}
if (response & R1_COM_CRC_ERROR) {
DBG_PRINTF("CRC error CMD:%d response 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd, response);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC; // CRC error
}
if (response & R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND) {
if (ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT != cmd)
DBG_PRINTF("Illegal command CMD:%d response 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd,
response);
if (CMD8_SEND_IF_COND == cmd) {
// Illegal command is for Ver1 or not SD Card
this->card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
}
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED; // Command not supported
}
// DBG_PRINTF("CMD:%d \t arg:0x%" PRIx32 " \t Response:0x%" PRIx32 "\n",
// cmd, arg, response);
// Set status for other errors
if ((response & R1_ERASE_RESET) || (response & R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR)) {
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE; // Erase error
} else if ((response & R1_ADDRESS_ERROR) ||
(response & R1_PARAMETER_ERROR)) {
// Misaligned address / invalid address block length
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
}
// Get rest of the response part for other commands
switch (cmd) {
case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND: // Response R7
DBG_PRINTF("V2-Version Card\n");
this->card_type = SDCARD_V2; // fallthrough
// Note: No break here, need to read rest of the response
case CMD58_READ_OCR: // Response R3
response = (sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR) << 24);
response |= (sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR) << 16);
response |= (sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR) << 8);
response |= sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
DBG_PRINTF("R3/R7: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", response);
break;
case CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION: // Response R1b
case CMD38_ERASE:
sd_wait_ready(this, SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT);
break;
case ACMD13_SD_STATUS: // Response R2
response = sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
DBG_PRINTF("R2: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", response);
break;
default: // Response R1
break;
}
// Pass the updated response to the command
if (NULL != resp) {
*resp = response;
}
// Do not deselect card if read is in progress.
if (((CMD9_SEND_CSD == cmd) || (ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS == cmd) ||
(CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK == cmd) || (CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK == cmd) ||
(CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK == cmd) ||
(CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK == cmd)) &&
(SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE == status)) {
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
}
// Deselect card
return status;
}
/* Return non-zero if the SD-card is present. */
bool sd_card_detect(sd_card_t *this) {
TRACE_PRINTF("> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
if (0 != this->card_detected_true && 1 != this->card_detected_true) {
this->m_Status &= ~STA_NODISK;
return true;
}
/*!< Check GPIO to detect SD */
// JMH if (gpio_get(this->card_detect_gpio) == this->card_detected_true) {
if (1) {
// The socket is now occupied
this->m_Status &= ~STA_NODISK;
TRACE_PRINTF("SD card detected!\n");
return true;
} else {
// The socket is now empty
this->m_Status |= (STA_NODISK | STA_NOINIT);
this->card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
DBG_PRINTF("No SD card detected!\n");
return false;
}
}
#define SD_CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE_RETRIES \
10 /*!< Number of retries for sending CMDO */
static uint32_t sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_t *this) {
uint32_t response;
/* Resetting the MCU SPI master may not reset the on-board SDCard, in which
* case when MCU power-on occurs the SDCard will resume operations as
* though there was no reset. In this scenario the first CMD0 will
* not be interpreted as a command and get lost. For some cards retrying
* the command overcomes this situation. */
for (int i = 0; i < SD_CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE_RETRIES; i++) {
sd_cmd(this, CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0x0, 0x0, &response);
if (R1_IDLE_STATE == response) {
break;
}
sd_unlock(this);
busy_wait_us(100 * 1000);
sd_lock(this);
}
return response;
}
/* R7 response pattern for CMD8 */
#define CMD8_PATTERN (0xAA)
static int sd_cmd8(sd_card_t *this) {
uint32_t arg = (CMD8_PATTERN << 0); // [7:0]check pattern
uint32_t response = 0;
int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
arg |= (0x1 << 8); // 2.7-3.6V // [11:8]supply voltage(VHS)
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD8_SEND_IF_COND, arg, 0x0, &response);
// Verify voltage and pattern for V2 version of card
if ((SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE == status) &&
(SDCARD_V2 == this->card_type)) {
// If check pattern is not matched, CMD8 communication is not valid
if ((response & 0xFFF) != arg) {
DBG_PRINTF("CMD8 Pattern mismatch 0x%" PRIx32 " : 0x%" PRIx32 "\n",
arg, response);
this->card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE;
}
}
return status;
}
static int sd_initialise_card_nolock(sd_card_t *this) {
int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
uint32_t response, arg;
sd_spi_go_low_frequency(this);
// The card is transitioned from SDCard mode to SPI mode by sending the CMD0
// + CS Asserted("0")
if (sd_go_idle_state(this) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
DBG_PRINTF("No disk, or could not put SD card in to SPI idle state\n");
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
}
// Send CMD8, if the card rejects the command then it's probably using the
// legacy protocol, or is a MMC, or just flat-out broken
status = sd_cmd8(this);
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status &&
SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED != status) {
return status;
}
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (crc_on) {
// Enable CRC
// int sd_cmd(sd_card_t *this, cmdSupported cmd, uint32_t arg, bool
// isAcmd, uint32_t *resp)
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF, 1, 0, 0);
}
#endif
// Read OCR - CMD58 Response contains OCR register
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
(status = sd_cmd(this, CMD58_READ_OCR, 0x0, 0x0, &response))) {
return status;
}
// Check if card supports voltage range: 3.3V
if (!(response & OCR_3_3V)) {
this->card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE;
return status;
}
// HCS is set 1 for HC/XC capacity cards for ACMD41, if supported
arg = 0x0;
if (SDCARD_V2 == this->card_type) {
arg |= OCR_HCS_CCS;
}
/* Idle state bit in the R1 response of ACMD41 is used by the card to inform
* the host if initialization of ACMD41 is completed. "1" indicates that the
* card is still initializing. "0" indicates completion of initialization.
* The host repeatedly issues ACMD41 until this bit is set to "0".
*/
absolute_time_t timeout_time = make_timeout_time_ms(SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT);
do {
status = sd_cmd(this, ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND, arg, 1, &response);
} while ((response & R1_IDLE_STATE) &&
0 < absolute_time_diff_us(get_absolute_time(), timeout_time));
// Initialization complete: ACMD41 successful
if ((SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) || (0x00 != response)) {
this->card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
DBG_PRINTF("Timeout waiting for card\n");
return status;
}
if (SDCARD_V2 == this->card_type) {
// Get the card capacity CCS: CMD58
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE ==
(status = sd_cmd(this, CMD58_READ_OCR, 0x0, 0x0, &response))) {
// High Capacity card
if (response & OCR_HCS_CCS) {
this->card_type = SDCARD_V2HC;
DBG_PRINTF("Card Initialized: High Capacity Card\n");
} else {
DBG_PRINTF(
"Card Initialized: Standard Capacity Card: Version 2.x\n");
}
}
} else {
this->card_type = SDCARD_V1;
DBG_PRINTF("Card Initialized: Version 1.x Card\n");
}
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (!crc_on) {
// Disable CRC
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF, 0, 0, 0);
}
#else
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF, 0, 0, 0);
#endif
return status;
}
static int sd_initialise_card(sd_card_t *this) {
sd_lock(this);
int rc = sd_initialise_card_nolock(this);
sd_unlock(this);
return rc;
}
static uint32_t ext_bits(unsigned char *data, int msb, int lsb) {
uint32_t bits = 0;
uint32_t size = 1 + msb - lsb;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
uint32_t position = lsb + i;
uint32_t byte = 15 - (position >> 3);
uint32_t bit = position & 0x7;
uint32_t value = (data[byte] >> bit) & 1;
bits |= value << i;
}
return bits;
}
static int sd_read_bytes(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length);
static uint64_t sd_sectors_nolock(sd_card_t *this) {
uint32_t c_size, c_size_mult, read_bl_len;
uint32_t block_len, mult, blocknr;
uint32_t hc_c_size;
uint64_t blocks = 0, capacity = 0;
// CMD9, Response R2 (R1 byte + 16-byte block read)
if (sd_cmd(this, CMD9_SEND_CSD, 0x0, 0, 0) != 0x0) {
DBG_PRINTF("Didn't get a response from the disk\n");
return 0;
}
uint8_t csd[16];
if (sd_read_bytes(this, csd, 16) != 0) {
DBG_PRINTF("Couldn't read csd response from disk\n");
return 0;
}
// csd_structure : csd[127:126]
int csd_structure = ext_bits(csd, 127, 126);
switch (csd_structure) {
case 0:
c_size = ext_bits(csd, 73, 62); // c_size : csd[73:62]
c_size_mult = ext_bits(csd, 49, 47); // c_size_mult : csd[49:47]
read_bl_len =
ext_bits(csd, 83, 80); // read_bl_len : csd[83:80] - the
// *maximum* read block length
block_len = 1 << read_bl_len; // BLOCK_LEN = 2^READ_BL_LEN
mult = 1 << (c_size_mult +
2); // MULT = 2^C_SIZE_MULT+2 (C_SIZE_MULT < 8)
blocknr = (c_size + 1) * mult; // BLOCKNR = (C_SIZE+1) * MULT
capacity = (uint64_t)blocknr *
block_len; // memory capacity = BLOCKNR * BLOCK_LEN
blocks = capacity / _block_size;
DBG_PRINTF("Standard Capacity: c_size: %" PRIu32 "\n", c_size);
DBG_PRINTF("Sectors: 0x%llx : %llu\n", blocks, blocks);
DBG_PRINTF("Capacity: 0x%llx : %llu MB\n", capacity,
(capacity / (1024U * 1024U)));
break;
case 1:
hc_c_size =
ext_bits(csd, 69, 48); // device size : C_SIZE : [69:48]
blocks = (hc_c_size + 1) << 10; // block count = C_SIZE+1) * 1K
// byte (512B is block size)
DBG_PRINTF("SDHC/SDXC Card: hc_c_size: %" PRIu32 "\n", hc_c_size);
DBG_PRINTF("Sectors: %8llu\n", blocks);
DBG_PRINTF("Capacity: %8llu MB\n", (blocks / (2048U)));
break;
default:
DBG_PRINTF("CSD struct unsupported\n");
myASSERT(!"CSD struct unsupported\n");
return 0;
};
return blocks;
}
uint64_t sd_sectors(sd_card_t *this) {
sd_lock(this);
uint64_t sectors = sd_sectors_nolock(this);
sd_unlock(this);
return sectors;
}
int sd_init_card(sd_card_t *this) {
TRACE_PRINTF("> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
myASSERT(driver_initialized);
// STA_NOINIT = 0x01, /* Drive not initialized */
// STA_NODISK = 0x02, /* No medium in the drive */
// STA_PROTECT = 0x04 /* Write protected */
// Make sure there's a card in the socket before proceeding
sd_card_detect(this);
if (this->m_Status & STA_NODISK) {
return this->m_Status;
}
// Make sure we're not already initialized before proceeding
if (!(this->m_Status & STA_NOINIT)) {
return this->m_Status;
}
// Initialize the member variables
this->card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
int err = sd_initialise_card(this);
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != err) {
DBG_PRINTF("Failed to initialize card\n");
return this->m_Status;
}
DBG_PRINTF("SD card initialized\n");
this->sectors = sd_sectors(this);
if (0 == this->sectors) {
// CMD9 failed
return this->m_Status;
}
sd_lock(this);
// Set block length to 512 (CMD16)
if (sd_cmd(this, CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN, _block_size, 0, 0) != 0) {
DBG_PRINTF("Set %" PRIu32 "-byte block timed out\n", _block_size);
sd_unlock(this);
return this->m_Status;
}
// Set SCK for data transfer
sd_spi_go_high_frequency(this);
// The card is now initialized
this->m_Status &= ~STA_NOINIT;
sd_unlock(this);
// Return the disk status
return this->m_Status;
}
// SPI function to wait till chip is ready and sends start token
static bool sd_wait_token(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t token) {
TRACE_PRINTF("%s(0x%02hhx)\n", __FUNCTION__, token);
const uint32_t timeout = SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; // Wait for start token
absolute_time_t timeout_time = make_timeout_time_ms(timeout);
do {
if (token == sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR)) {
return true;
}
} while (0 < absolute_time_diff_us(get_absolute_time(), timeout_time));
DBG_PRINTF("sd_wait_token: timeout\n");
return false;
}
#define SPI_START_BLOCK \
(0xFE) /*!< For Single Block Read/Write and Multiple Block Read */
static int sd_read_bytes(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length) {
uint16_t crc;
// read until start byte (0xFE)
if (false == sd_wait_token(this, SPI_START_BLOCK)) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d Read timeout\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
}
// read data
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
buffer[i] = sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
}
// Read the CRC16 checksum for the data block
crc = (sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR) << 8);
crc |= sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (crc_on) {
uint32_t crc_result;
// Compute and verify checksum
crc_result = crc16((void *)buffer, length);
if ((uint16_t)crc_result != crc) {
DBG_PRINTF("_read_bytes: Invalid CRC received 0x%" PRIx16
" result of computation 0x%" PRIx16 "\n",
crc, (uint16_t)crc_result);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
}
}
#endif
return 0;
}
static int sd_read_block(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length) {
uint16_t crc;
// read until start byte (0xFE)
if (false == sd_wait_token(this, SPI_START_BLOCK)) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d Read timeout\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
}
// read data
// bool spi_transfer(const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx, size_t length)
if (!sd_spi_transfer(this, NULL, buffer, length)) {
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
}
// Read the CRC16 checksum for the data block
crc = (sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR) << 8);
crc |= sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (crc_on) {
uint32_t crc_result;
// Compute and verify checksum
crc_result = crc16((void *)buffer, length);
if ((uint16_t)crc_result != crc) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s: Invalid CRC received 0x%" PRIx16
" result of computation 0x%" PRIx16 "\n",
__FUNCTION__, crc, (uint16_t)crc_result);
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
}
}
#endif
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
}
static int in_sd_read_blocks(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t *buffer,
uint64_t ulSectorNumber, uint32_t ulSectorCount) {
uint32_t blockCnt = ulSectorCount;
if (ulSectorNumber + blockCnt > this->sectors)
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
if (this->m_Status & (STA_NOINIT | STA_NODISK))
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
int status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
uint64_t addr;
// SDSC Card (CCS=0) uses byte unit address
// SDHC and SDXC Cards (CCS=1) use block unit address (512 Bytes unit)
if (SDCARD_V2HC == this->card_type) {
addr = ulSectorNumber;
} else {
addr = ulSectorNumber * _block_size;
}
// Write command ro receive data
if (blockCnt > 1) {
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, addr, 0, 0);
} else {
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, addr, 0, 0);
}
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) {
return status;
}
// receive the data : one block at a time
int rd_status = 0;
while (blockCnt) {
if (0 != sd_read_block(this, buffer, _block_size)) {
rd_status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
break;
}
buffer += _block_size;
--blockCnt;
}
// Send CMD12(0x00000000) to stop the transmission for multi-block transfer
if (ulSectorCount > 1) {
status = sd_cmd(this, CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0x0, 0, 0);
}
return rd_status ? rd_status : status;
}
int sd_read_blocks(sd_card_t *this, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t ulSectorNumber,
uint32_t ulSectorCount) {
sd_lock(this);
TRACE_PRINTF("sd_read_blocks(0x%p, 0x%llx, 0x%lx)\n", buffer,
ulSectorNumber, ulSectorCount);
int status = in_sd_read_blocks(this, buffer, ulSectorNumber, ulSectorCount);
sd_unlock(this);
return status;
}
static uint8_t sd_write_block(sd_card_t *this, const uint8_t *buffer,
uint8_t token, uint32_t length) {
uint16_t crc = (~0);
uint8_t response = 0xFF;
// indicate start of block
sd_spi_write(this, token);
// write the data
bool ret = sd_spi_transfer(this, buffer, NULL, length);
myASSERT(ret);
#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
if (crc_on) {
// Compute CRC
crc = crc16((void *)buffer, length);
}
#endif
// write the checksum CRC16
sd_spi_write(this, crc >> 8);
sd_spi_write(this, crc);
// check the response token
response = sd_spi_write(this, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
// Wait for last block to be written
if (false == sd_wait_ready(this, SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT)) {
DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d: Card not ready yet\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
}
return (response & SPI_DATA_RESPONSE_MASK);
}
/** Program blocks to a block device
*
*
* @param buffer Buffer of data to write to blocks
* @param ulSectorNumber Logical Address of block to begin writing to (LBA)
* @param blockCnt Size to write in blocks
* @return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE(0) - success
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE - device (SD card) is
* missing or not connected SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC - crc error
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER - invalid parameter
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED - unsupported command
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_INIT - device is not initialized
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE - SPI write error
* SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE - erase error
*/
static int in_sd_write_blocks(sd_card_t *this, const uint8_t *buffer,
uint64_t ulSectorNumber, uint32_t blockCnt) {
if (ulSectorNumber + blockCnt > this->sectors)
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
if (this->m_Status & (STA_NOINIT | STA_NODISK))
return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
int status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
uint8_t response;
uint64_t addr;
// SDSC Card (CCS=0) uses byte unit address
// SDHC and SDXC Cards (CCS=1) use block unit address (512 Bytes unit)
if (SDCARD_V2HC == this->card_type) {
addr = ulSectorNumber;
} else {
addr = ulSectorNumber * _block_size;
}
// Send command to perform write operation
if (blockCnt == 1) {
// Single block write command
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
(status = sd_cmd(this, CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK, addr, 0, 0))) {
return status;
}
// Write data
response = sd_write_block(this, buffer, SPI_START_BLOCK, _block_size);
// Only CRC and general write error are communicated via response token
if (response != SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED) {
DBG_PRINTF("Single Block Write failed: 0x%x \n", response);
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
}
} else {
// Pre-erase setting prior to multiple block write operation
sd_cmd(this, ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT, blockCnt, 1, 0);
// Multiple block write command
if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
(status = sd_cmd(this, CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, addr, 0, 0))) {
return status;
}
// Write the data: one block at a time
do {
response = sd_write_block(this, buffer, SPI_START_BLK_MUL_WRITE,
_block_size);
if (response != SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED) {
DBG_PRINTF("Multiple Block Write failed: 0x%x\n", response);
status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
break;
}
buffer += _block_size;
} while (--blockCnt); // Send all blocks of data
/* In a Multiple Block write operation, the stop transmission will be
* done by sending 'Stop Tran' token instead of 'Start Block' token at
* the beginning of the next block
*/
sd_spi_write(this, SPI_STOP_TRAN);
}
return status;
}
int sd_write_blocks(sd_card_t *this, const uint8_t *buffer,
uint64_t ulSectorNumber, uint32_t blockCnt) {
sd_lock(this);
TRACE_PRINTF("sd_write_blocks(0x%p, 0x%llx, 0x%lx)\n", buffer,
ulSectorNumber, blockCnt);
int status = in_sd_write_blocks(this, buffer, ulSectorNumber, blockCnt);
sd_unlock(this);
return status;
}
bool sd_init_driver() {
for (size_t i = 0; i < sd_get_num(); ++i) {
sd_card_t *this = sd_get_by_num(i);
// JMH
//gpio_init(this->card_detect_gpio);
//gpio_pull_up(this->card_detect_gpio);
//gpio_set_dir(this->card_detect_gpio, GPIO_IN);
// Chip select is active-low, so we'll initialise it to a driven-high
// state.
gpio_init(this->ss_gpio);
gpio_put(this->ss_gpio, 1); // Avoid any glitches when enabling output
gpio_set_dir(this->ss_gpio, GPIO_OUT);
gpio_put(this->ss_gpio, 1); // In case set_dir does anything
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < spi_get_num(); ++i) {
spi_t *this = spi_get_by_num(i);
if (!my_spi_init(this)) return false;
}
driver_initialized = true;
return true;
}
/* [] END OF FILE */
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