// WSPR transmitter for the Raspberry Pi. See accompanying README // file for a description on how to use this code. // License: // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // along with this program. If not, see . // ha7ilm: added RPi2 support based on a patch to PiFmRds by Cristophe // Jacquet and Richard Hirst: http://git.io/vn7O9 #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "librpitx/src/librpitx.h" clkgpio *clk=NULL; ngfmdmasync *ngfmtest=NULL; #define ABORT(a) exit(a) // Used for debugging #define MARK std::cout << "Currently in file: " << __FILE__ << " line: " << __LINE__ << std::endl typedef enum {WSPR,TONE} mode_type; // WSRP nominal symbol time #define WSPR_SYMTIME (8192.0/12000.0) // How much random frequency offset should be added to WSPR transmissions // if the --offset option has been turned on. #define WSPR_RAND_OFFSET 80 #define WSPR15_RAND_OFFSET 8 // Disable the PWM clock and wait for it to become 'not busy'. void disable_clock() { } // Turn on TX void txon() { //ACCESS_BUS_ADDR(PADS_GPIO_0_27_BUS) = 0x5a000018 + 7; //16mA +10.6dBm disable_clock(); } // Turn transmitter on void txoff() { disable_clock(); } // Transmit symbol sym for tsym seconds. // // TODO: // Upon entering this function at the beginning of a WSPR transmission, we // do not know which DMA table entry is being processed by the DMA engine. #define PWM_CLOCKS_PER_ITER_NOMINAL 1000 void txSym( const int & sym_num, const double & center_freq, const double & tone_spacing, const double & tsym, const std::vector & dma_table_freq, const double & f_pwm_clk, struct PageInfo instrs[], struct PageInfo & constPage, int & bufPtr ) { } // Turn off (reset) DMA engine void unSetupDMA(){ txoff(); } // Truncate at bit lsb. i.e. set all bits less than lsb to zero. double bit_trunc( const double & d, const int & lsb ) { return floor(d/pow(2.0,lsb))*pow(2.0,lsb); } // Convert string to uppercase void to_upper( char *str ) { while(*str) { *str = toupper(*str); str++; } } // Encode call, locator, and dBm into WSPR codeblock. void wspr( const char* call, const char* l_pre, const char* dbm, unsigned char* symbols ) { // pack prefix in nadd, call in n1, grid, dbm in n2 char* c, buf[16]; strncpy(buf, call, 16); c=buf; to_upper(c); unsigned long ng,nadd=0; if(strchr(c, '/')){ //prefix-suffix nadd=2; int i=strchr(c, '/')-c; //stroke position int n=strlen(c)-i-1; //suffix len, prefix-call len c[i]='\0'; if(n==1) ng=60000-32768+(c[i+1]>='0'&&c[i+1]<='9'?c[i+1]-'0':c[i+1]==' '?38:c[i+1]-'A'+10); // suffix /A to /Z, /0 to /9 if(n==2) ng=60000+26+10*(c[i+1]-'0')+(c[i+2]-'0'); // suffix /10 to /99 if(n>2){ // prefix EA8/, right align ng=(i<3?36:c[i-3]>='0'&&c[i-3]<='9'?c[i-3]-'0':c[i-3]-'A'+10); ng=37*ng+(i<2?36:c[i-2]>='0'&&c[i-2]<='9'?c[i-2]-'0':c[i-2]-'A'+10); ng=37*ng+(i<1?36:c[i-1]>='0'&&c[i-1]<='9'?c[i-1]-'0':c[i-1]-'A'+10); if(ng<32768) nadd=1; else ng=ng-32768; c=c+i+1; } } int i=(isdigit(c[2])?2:isdigit(c[1])?1:0); //last prefix digit of de-suffixed/de-prefixed callsign int n=strlen(c)-i-1; //2nd part of call len unsigned long n1; n1=(i<2?36:c[i-2]>='0'&&c[i-2]<='9'?c[i-2]-'0':c[i-2]-'A'+10); n1=36*n1+(i<1?36:c[i-1]>='0'&&c[i-1]<='9'?c[i-1]-'0':c[i-1]-'A'+10); n1=10*n1+c[i]-'0'; n1=27*n1+(n<1?26:c[i+1]-'A'); n1=27*n1+(n<2?26:c[i+2]-'A'); n1=27*n1+(n<3?26:c[i+3]-'A'); //if(rand() % 2) nadd=0; if(!nadd){ // Copy locator locally since it is declared const and we cannot modify // its contents in-place. char l[4]; strncpy(l, l_pre, 4); to_upper(l); //grid square Maidenhead locator (uppercase) ng=180*(179-10*(l[0]-'A')-(l[2]-'0'))+10*(l[1]-'A')+(l[3]-'0'); } int p = atoi(dbm); //EIRP in dBm={0,3,7,10,13,17,20,23,27,30,33,37,40,43,47,50,53,57,60} int corr[]={0,-1,1,0,-1,2,1,0,-1,1}; p=p>60?60:p<0?0:p+corr[p%10]; unsigned long n2=(ng<<7)|(p+64+nadd); // pack n1,n2,zero-tail into 50 bits char packed[11] = { static_cast(n1>>20), static_cast(n1>>12), static_cast(n1>>4), static_cast(((n1&0x0f)<<4)|((n2>>18)&0x0f)), static_cast(n2>>10), static_cast(n2>>2), static_cast((n2&0x03)<<6), 0, 0, 0, 0 }; // convolutional encoding K=32, r=1/2, Layland-Lushbaugh polynomials int k = 0; int j,s; int nstate = 0; unsigned char symbol[176]; for(j=0;j!=sizeof(packed);j++){ for(i=7;i>=0;i--){ unsigned long poly[2] = { 0xf2d05351L, 0xe4613c47L }; nstate = (nstate<<1) | ((packed[j]>>i)&1); for(s=0;s!=2;s++){ //convolve unsigned long n = nstate & poly[s]; int even = 0; // even := parity(n) while(n){ even = 1 - even; n = n & (n - 1); } symbol[k] = even; k++; } } } // interleave symbols const unsigned char npr3[162] = { 1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0, 0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1, 0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0, 0,0 }; for(i=0;i!=162;i++){ // j0 := bit reversed_values_smaller_than_161[i] unsigned char j0; p=-1; for(k=0;p!=i;k++){ for(j=0;j!=8;j++) // j0:=bit_reverse(k) j0 = ((k>>j)&1)|(j0<<1); if(j0<162) p++; } symbols[j0]=npr3[j0]|symbol[i]<<1; //interleave and add sync std::vector } } // Wait for the system clock's minute to reach one second past 'minute' void wait_every( int minute ) { time_t t; struct tm* ptm; for(;;){ time(&t); ptm = gmtime(&t); if((ptm->tm_min % minute) == 0 && ptm->tm_sec == 0) break; usleep(1000); } usleep(1000000); // wait another second } void print_usage() { std::cout << "Usage:" << std::endl; std::cout << " wspr [options] callsign locator tx_pwr_dBm f1 ..." << std::endl; std::cout << " OR" << std::endl; std::cout << " wspr [options] --test-tone f" << std::endl; std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "Options:" << std::endl; std::cout << " -h --help" << std::endl; std::cout << " Print out this help screen." << std::endl; std::cout << " -p --ppm ppm" << std::endl; std::cout << " Known PPM correction to 19.2MHz RPi nominal crystal frequency." << std::endl; std::cout << " -s --self-calibration" << std::endl; std::cout << " Check NTP before every transmission to obtain the PPM error of the" << std::endl; std::cout << " crystal (default setting!)." << std::endl; std::cout << " -f --free-running" << std::endl; std::cout << " Do not use NTP to correct frequency error of RPi crystal." << std::endl; std::cout << " -r --repeat" << std::endl; std::cout << " Repeatedly, and in order, transmit on all the specified command line freqs." << std::endl; std::cout << " -x --terminate " << std::endl; std::cout << " Terminate after n transmissions have been completed." << std::endl; std::cout << " -o --offset" << std::endl; std::cout << " Add a random frequency offset to each transmission:" << std::endl; std::cout << " +/- " << WSPR_RAND_OFFSET << " Hz for WSPR" << std::endl; std::cout << " +/- " << WSPR15_RAND_OFFSET << " Hz for WSPR-15" << std::endl; std::cout << " -t --test-tone freq" << std::endl; std::cout << " Simply output a test tone at the specified frequency. Only used" << std::endl; std::cout << " for debugging and to verify calibration." << std::endl; std::cout << " -n --no-delay" << std::endl; std::cout << " Transmit immediately, do not wait for a WSPR TX window. Used" << std::endl; std::cout << " for testing only." << std::endl; std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "Frequencies can be specified either as an absolute TX carrier frequency, or" << std::endl; std::cout << "using one of the following strings. If a string is used, the transmission" << std::endl; std::cout << "will happen in the middle of the WSPR region of the selected band." << std::endl; std::cout << " LF LF-15 MF MF-15 160m 160m-15 80m 60m 40m 30m 20m 17m 15m 12m 10m 6m 4m 2m" << std::endl; std::cout << "-15 indicates the WSPR-15 region of band ." << std::endl; std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "Transmission gaps can be created by specifying a TX frequency of 0" << std::endl; } void parse_commandline( // Inputs const int & argc, char * const argv[], // Outputs std::string & callsign, std::string & locator, std::string & tx_power, std::vector & center_freq_set, double & ppm, bool & self_cal, bool & repeat, bool & random_offset, double & test_tone, bool & no_delay, mode_type & mode, int & terminate ) { // Default values ppm=0; self_cal=true; repeat=false; random_offset=false; test_tone=NAN; no_delay=false; mode=WSPR; terminate=-1; static struct option long_options[] = { {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'}, {"ppm", required_argument, 0, 'p'}, {"self-calibration", no_argument, 0, 's'}, {"free-running", no_argument, 0, 'f'}, {"repeat", no_argument, 0, 'r'}, {"terminate", required_argument, 0, 'x'}, {"offset", no_argument, 0, 'o'}, {"test-tone", required_argument, 0, 't'}, {"no-delay", no_argument, 0, 'n'}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; while (true) { /* getopt_long stores the option index here. */ int option_index = 0; int c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "hp:sfrx:ot:n", long_options, &option_index); if (c == -1) break; switch (c) { char * endp; case 0: // Code should only get here if a long option was given a non-null // flag value. std::cout << "Check code!" << std::endl; ABORT(-1); break; case 'h': print_usage(); ABORT(-1); break; case 'p': ppm=strtod(optarg,&endp); if ((optarg==endp)||(*endp!='\0')) { std::cerr << "Error: could not parse ppm value" << std::endl; ABORT(-1); } break; case 's': self_cal=true; break; case 'f': self_cal=false; break; case 'r': repeat=true; break; case 'x': terminate=strtol(optarg,&endp,10); if ((optarg==endp)||(*endp!='\0')) { std::cerr << "Error: could not parse termination argument" << std::endl; ABORT(-1); } if (terminate<1) { std::cerr << "Error: termination parameter must be >= 1" << std::endl; ABORT(-1); } break; case 'o': random_offset=true; break; case 't': test_tone=strtod(optarg,&endp); mode=TONE; if ((optarg==endp)||(*endp!='\0')) { std::cerr << "Error: could not parse test tone frequency" << std::endl; ABORT(-1); } break; case 'n': no_delay=true; break; case '?': /* getopt_long already printed an error message. */ ABORT(-1); default: ABORT(-1); } } // Parse the non-option parameters unsigned int n_free_args=0; while (optind0) { temp << " TX will stop after " << terminate << " transmissions." << std::endl; } else if (repeat) { temp << " Transmissions will continue forever until stopped with CTRL-C" << std::endl; } if (random_offset) { temp << " A small random frequency offset will be added to all transmissions" << std::endl; } if (temp.str().length()) { std::cout << "Extra options:" << std::endl; std::cout << temp.str(); } std::cout << std::endl; } else { std::stringstream temp; temp << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << "A test tone will be generated at frequency " << test_tone/1e6 << " MHz" << std::endl; std::cout << temp.str(); if (self_cal) { std::cout << "NTP will be used to calibrate the tone frequency" << std::endl; } else if (ppm) { std::cout << "PPM value to be used to generate the tone: " << ppm << std::endl; } std::cout << std::endl; } } // Call ntp_adjtime() to obtain the latest calibration coefficient. void update_ppm( double & ppm ) { struct timex ntx; int status; double ppm_new; ntx.modes = 0; /* only read */ status = ntp_adjtime(&ntx); if (status != TIME_OK) { //cerr << "Error: clock not synchronized" << std::endl; //return; } ppm_new = (double)ntx.freq/(double)(1 << 16); /* frequency scale */ if (abs(ppm_new)>200) { std::cerr << "Warning: absolute ppm value is greater than 200 and is being ignored!" << std::endl; } else { if (ppm!=ppm_new) { std::cout << " Obtained new ppm value: " << ppm_new << std::endl; } ppm=ppm_new; } } /* Return 1 if the difference is negative, otherwise 0. */ // From StackOverflow: // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1468596/c-programming-calculate-elapsed-time-in-milliseconds-unix int timeval_subtract(struct timeval *result, struct timeval *t2, struct timeval *t1) { long int diff = (t2->tv_usec + 1000000 * t2->tv_sec) - (t1->tv_usec + 1000000 * t1->tv_sec); result->tv_sec = diff / 1000000; result->tv_usec = diff % 1000000; return (diff<0); } void timeval_print(struct timeval *tv) { char buffer[30]; time_t curtime; //printf("%ld.%06ld", tv->tv_sec, tv->tv_usec); curtime = tv->tv_sec; //strftime(buffer, 30, "%m-%d-%Y %T", localtime(&curtime)); strftime(buffer, 30, "UTC %Y-%m-%d %T", gmtime(&curtime)); printf("%s.%03ld", buffer, (tv->tv_usec+500)/1000); } // Called when exiting or when a signal is received. void cleanup() { if(clk!=NULL) {delete clk;clk=NULL;} if(ngfmtest!=NULL) {delete ngfmtest;ngfmtest=NULL;} } // Called when a signal is received. Automatically calls cleanup(). void cleanupAndExit(int sig) { std::cerr << "Exiting with error; caught signal: " << sig << std::endl; cleanup(); ABORT(-1); } int main(const int argc, char * const argv[]) { //catch all signals (like ctrl+c, ctrl+z, ...) to ensure DMA is disabled for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { struct sigaction sa; memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa)); sa.sa_handler = cleanupAndExit; sigaction(i, &sa, NULL); } atexit(cleanup); // Initialize the RNG srand(time(NULL)); // Parse arguments std::string callsign; std::string locator; std::string tx_power; std::vector center_freq_set; double ppm; bool self_cal; bool repeat; bool random_offset; double test_tone; bool no_delay; mode_type mode; int terminate; parse_commandline( argc, argv, callsign, locator, tx_power, center_freq_set, ppm, self_cal, repeat, random_offset, test_tone, no_delay, mode, terminate ); int nbands=center_freq_set.size(); if (mode==TONE) { if(clk==NULL) clk=new clkgpio; clk->SetAdvancedPllMode(true); // Test tone mode... double wspr_symtime = WSPR_SYMTIME; double tone_spacing=1.0/wspr_symtime; std::stringstream temp; temp << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << "Transmitting test tone on frequency " << test_tone/1.0e6 << " MHz" << std::endl; std::cout << temp.str(); std::cout << "Press CTRL-C to exit!" << std::endl; txon(); int bufPtr=0; // Set to non-zero value to ensure setupDMATab is called at least once. double ppm_prev=123456; double center_freq_actual; //SetTone clk->SetCenterFrequency(test_tone,100); clk->enableclk(4); clk->SetFrequency(000); while(true) usleep(1000000); // Should never get here... } else { // WSPR mode // Create WSPR symbols unsigned char symbols[162]; wspr(callsign.c_str(), locator.c_str(), tx_power.c_str(), symbols); /* printf("WSPR codeblock: "); for (int i = 0; i < (signed)(sizeof(symbols)/sizeof(*symbols)); i++) { if (i) { std::cout << ","; } printf("%d", symbols[i]); } printf("\n"); */ std::cout << "Ready to transmit (setup complete)..." << std::endl; int band=0; int n_tx=0; for(;;) { // Calculate WSPR parameters for this transmission double center_freq_desired; center_freq_desired = center_freq_set[band]; bool wspr15 = (center_freq_desired > 137600 && center_freq_desired < 137625) || \ (center_freq_desired > 475800 && center_freq_desired < 475825) || \ (center_freq_desired > 1838200 && center_freq_desired < 1838225); double wspr_symtime = (wspr15) ? 8.0 * WSPR_SYMTIME : WSPR_SYMTIME; double tone_spacing=1.0/wspr_symtime; // Add random offset if ((center_freq_desired!=0)&&random_offset) { center_freq_desired+=(2.0*rand()/((double)RAND_MAX+1.0)-1.0)*(wspr15?WSPR15_RAND_OFFSET:WSPR_RAND_OFFSET); } // Status message before transmission std::stringstream temp; temp << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed; temp << "Desired center frequency for " << (wspr15?"WSPR-15":"WSPR") << " transmission: "<< center_freq_desired/1e6 << " MHz" << std::endl; std::cout << temp.str(); // Wait for WSPR transmission window to arrive. if (no_delay) { std::cout << " Transmitting immediately (not waiting for WSPR window)" << std::endl; } else { std::cout << " Waiting for next WSPR transmission window..." << std::endl; wait_every((wspr15) ? 15 : 2); } // Update crystal calibration information if (self_cal) { update_ppm(ppm); } // Create the DMA table for this center frequency std::vector dma_table_freq; double center_freq_actual; if (center_freq_desired) { center_freq_actual=center_freq_desired; } else { center_freq_actual=center_freq_desired; } // Send the message! //cout << "TX started!" << std::endl; if (center_freq_actual){ // Print a status message right before transmission begins. struct timeval tvBegin, tvEnd, tvDiff; gettimeofday(&tvBegin, NULL); std::cout << " TX started at: "; timeval_print(&tvBegin); std::cout << std::endl; struct timeval sym_start; struct timeval diff; int bufPtr=0; int SR=100*1/wspr_symtime; int FifoSize=1000; if(ngfmtest==NULL) ngfmtest=new ngfmdmasync(center_freq_actual,SR,14,FifoSize); double FreqResolution=ngfmtest->GetFrequencyResolution(); double RealFreq=ngfmtest->GetRealFrequency(0); if(FreqResolution>tone_spacing) { fprintf(stderr,"Freq resolution=%f - Tone spacing =%f Erreur tuning=%f\n",FreqResolution,tone_spacing,RealFreq); } for (int i = 0; i < 162; i++) { double tone_freq=-1.5*tone_spacing+symbols[i]*tone_spacing-RealFreq; int Nbtx=0; int Frac=ngfmtest->GetMasterFrac(0); int IntFreq=floor(tone_freq/FreqResolution); double ToneFreqInf=tone_freq-IntFreq; int Step=ToneFreqInf*100.0/FreqResolution; while(Nbtx<100) { usleep(100); int Available=ngfmtest->GetBufferAvailable(); if(Available>FifoSize/2) { int Index=ngfmtest->GetUserMemIndex(); if(Available>100-Nbtx) Available=100-Nbtx; //printf("GetIndex=%d\n",Index); for(int j=0;j5000)?1000:0); double pwmtone=(Nbtx>abs(Step))?(IntFreq*FreqResolution):((IntFreq+1)*FreqResolution); //fprintf(stderr,"Frac %d IntFreq %d step %d tone= %f pwm %f\n",Frac,IntFreq,Step,tone_freq,pwmtone); ngfmtest->SetFrequencySample(Index+j,pwmtone); //ngfmtest->SetFrequencySample(Index+j,tone_freq); Nbtx++; } } } } n_tx++; // Turn transmitter off ngfmtest->stop(); // End timestamp gettimeofday(&tvEnd, NULL); std::cout << " TX ended at: "; timeval_print(&tvEnd); timeval_subtract(&tvDiff, &tvEnd, &tvBegin); printf(" (%ld.%03ld s)\n", tvDiff.tv_sec, (tvDiff.tv_usec+500)/1000); } else { std::cout << " Skipping transmission" << std::endl; usleep(1000000); } // Advance to next band band=(band+1)%nbands; if ((band==0)&&!repeat) { break; } if ((terminate>0)&&(n_tx>=terminate)) { break; } } } return 0; }